The origins of the Lahore Museum date back to 1865.
The Lahore Museum has in its collections:
- a collection of Gandhara sculptures (e.g. Posting Buddha)
- archaeological monuments from the Bronze Age (Indus Valley Civilization)
- a collection of Hellenistic and Mughal coins (38,000)
- miniature paintings
- manuscripts
- seals of the Indus
- stone inscriptions
- Mughal and Sikh carved woodwork
- a collection of paintings from the British period (1857 - 1947)
The museum also features artifacts from Burma, Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, among others.
In its collections, the Lahore Museum has about 60,000 artifacts, of which 14,000 are presented in exhibitions.
The main building has an area of 24,000 square meters.

Machu Picchu - the best preserved city of the Incas.
Built from around 1450, abandoned in 1572, which was associated with the appearance of the conquistadors.
The most important monuments:
- Intihuatana stone,
- Temple of the Sun or Torreon,
- Room of the Three Windows,
- a special cave Inti Mach'ay.
Artifacts from Machu Picchu are on display at the Museo Machu Picchu, La Casa Concha.

The Ayala Museum, established in 1967, is run by the Ayala Foundation Inc.
The most important collections include archaeological, ethnographic, historical, fine arts, numismatics, and ecclesiastical exhibits. The Ayala Museum has, among others, 60 dioramas depicting the history of the Philippines from cavemen to the present day and a collection of over 1,000 gold objects from the 10th to 13th centuries.
The Filipinas Heritage Library operates at the museum.

National Museum of the Philippines created in 1901.
The National Museum Complex in Manila includes the National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, and National Planetarium.
In the National Museum of the Philippines, among the National Cultural Treasures on display you can find: Manunggul Burial Jar from the Neolithic period, Butuan Balangay Boat dated 320 AD which is the first balangay excavated by the National Museum of the Philippines, astrolabes recovered from the wreckage of the San Diego galleon.
The National Museum of the Philippines manages over a dozen regional museums located all over the Philippines, and regional museums have a dozen more a regional branches.

The Baths independent museum since 1995.
In its present shape, Baths established in the second half of the 18th century by Stanisław August Poniatowski, who, through the bed of the later Catherine II Empress of Russia (he had a daughter with her), came to the throne of Poland (at that time Poland was under Russian protectorate and was subjected to another three partitions, which ended the existence of the First Polish Republic).
The park and palace complex covers 76 hectares.
Before the parliamentary and local government elections, the directors of the so-called Baths:
- acting Marianna O.,
- deputy director for Hunting and Horsemanship Piotr Ś., the so-called department child and hunting companion of former president Bronisław K. (PO),
- plenipotentiary for the organization of the Branch of the Museum of Hunting and Horsemanship Marek Z.
- director's plenipotentiary for organization of exhibitions and promotion Branch of the Museum of Hunting and Horsemanship Marzena J.
trying to take over the premises of the Virtual Museum of the Unbroken Soldiers, dedicated to the Polish independence and anti-communist underground after World War II, the oldest museum of this kind in Poland.
Deputy Prime Minister Piotr G. (PiS) and Secretary of State Jarosław S. (PiS) are responsible for appointing the directors (without competition).
Piotr Ś. is known, among others, for from conducting in the so-called a museum of a company dealing with the organization of hunting for foreigners and trade in chemicals (e.g.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/tu-t.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2016/12/brak-reakcji-ministerstwa.html)
and false accusations of an employee of the so-called museum about the theft of a stuffed mallard duck (e.g.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/nieprawdziwe-oskarzenia-o-kradziez.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/zmiany-w-protokole-rozprawy-stronniczy.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/11/wystepy-p-piotra-s-w-sadzie.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2018/06/zorganizowana-gp-byy-d-piotr-s-tzw-sso.html)
and "hijacking" copyrights (e.g.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/fotografie-na-stronie-internetowej.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2022/08/sprawiedliwosc-4.html)
and using the Star of David as the museum's sheriff's star in children's games
(https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/gwiazda-szeryfa-muzeum.html)

Panstwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau was created in 1947.
In December 2009, the historic "Arbeit macht frei" sign was stolen from the gate of Auschwitz I. The case received widespread international attention. The sign was found several days later, cut into pieces, and the perpetrators were arrested (including individuals associated with the criminal community and the Swedish client). The incident sparked criticism of the museum's security.
The entire area of the camps covers 191 hectares.
Museum director and president of the Fundacja Auschwitz-Birkenau: Piotr Mateusz Andrzej Cywiński.

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „Muzeum Ziemi Chelmskiej” in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of affiliates,
- exhibition space,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- revenue,
- costs,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences:
1. Malgorzata Podlewska-Bem
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2025/03/nominowani-do-listy-antyinnowacyjnosci.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2025/01/kandydaci-na-nominowanych-do-listy.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2023/12/marek-b-i-ukr-sie-pod-nickiem.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2018/07/magorzata-p-b.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2018/07/poczet-dyrektorow-muzeum.html
2. Jagoda Barczynska
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2025/03/nominowani-do-listy-antyinnowacyjnosci.html
3. Joanna Suchocka
4. Natalia Jedruszczak

1. Limited exhibition: Some visitors believe that the permanent exhibitions are too modest and do not fully reflect the city's rich history. Therefore, expectations regarding a deeper narrative about Gdynia may not be met.
2. Lack of interactivity: Compared to modern museums that offer many interactive elements, the Gdynia City Museum may seem traditional and less engaging to a younger audience.
3. Location: Although it is located in the city center, some visitors may find it difficult to find, especially if someone does not know Gdynia well.
4. Limited opening hours: Some criticism also concerns opening hours, which may not be adapted to the needs of tourists, especially on weekends.
5. Ticket price: For some visitors, the ticket price may seem too high compared to the exhibition content offered.
6. Lack of catering facilities: The lack of a café or restaurant on site may be considered an inconvenience, especially for tourists spending a long time in the museum.
7. Parking spaces for people with disabilities are located 100 meters from the museum.
8. The museum responds to visitors' intervention for no longer than 2 months.
9. Films published before September 1, 2019 do not have subtitles for the deaf, some graphic materials lack alternative texts, some documents are not digitally available.
10. The director of the museum is Karin M., an official from the city hall of former president Wojciech Sz., who was associated with former president Lech K. (PiS). Appointed to the position of acting director by the same Wojciech Sz.

The current „m.” [Anna F.-L. (59) e.g. conservator, Małgorzata M. (62) e.g. employment and payroll specialist, Zofia K. (55) e.g. accountant] worked closely with Krzysztof K. (PZPR, SLD) as his devoted employees. Krzysztof K. questioned, contrary to the facts, the origin of museum exhibits worth millions of zlotys from the Z. collection. He took over the m. g. house for his private agritourism. He organized widely criticized hunting events with the participation of, for example, former „president” Bronisław K. (PO).
In 2015, Krzysztof K. as d. (a warm pensioner of Art Nouveau glass collector) was replaced by Anna F.-L., appointed by Sławomir S. (PSL), who claimed to be the so-called marshal of the L. voivodeship. In 2020, for the next 5-year term, he recommended Anna F.-L., claiming to be the so-called marshal of the L. voivodeship Jarosław S. (PiS). Claiming to be the so-called mini. of cu. Piotr G. (PiS) agreed to the so-called the appointment without a competition and he was convinced, for example, by the «Catholic Association "Civitas Christiana"».
The current „m.” continues the entire "line" adopted by Krzysztof K. and guards his i. Why? If you don't know what the problem is...
On June 22, 2018, a special event was organized together with the "Polish Hunting Association", which was met with numerous voices of protest. On the same day, Anna F.-L. was honored by Piotr G. with the "Gloria Artis" medal. The same Piotr G. appointed Anna F.-L. for the years 2021-2024 as a member of the "council for museums and places". Then, in a "secret ballot", Anna F.-L. was "chosen" for the so-called chairman of the board.
The so-called the board of the L. voivodeship dismissed Anna F.-L. from the position of director. Previously, twice the so-called marshal of the L. voivodeship Jarosław S. (PiS) addressed the so-called minister of c. Piotr G. (PiS) to express his opinion on the dismissal of Anna F.-L. The so-called writings marshal's questions remained unanswered. List of charges against Anna F.-L. is long, the main ones concerned the renovation for PLN 40 million, which practically stopped, and the inappropriate spending of funds on the so-called law firm.
On March 1, 2023, Jerzy D., a disability specialist, became the acting director without competition, and his deputy was Sławomir G., specializing in socialist realism, a long-time collaborator of Krzysztof K. and Anna F.-L.
Jerzy D. will soon be replaced by Bożena C., an official from the so-called marshal's office, the resolution on her appointment was passed without competition on August 16, 2023 by the so-called board of the L. voivodeship.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/04/naciski-na-biegego_4064.html
http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/posrod-owieckiej-braci.html
http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/08/gwiazda-polskiego-muzealnictwa.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2016/11/prominencka-zorganizowana-grupa-p.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2017/06/eks-dyrektor-i-eks-prezydent-znowu.html
http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2017/12/gwiazda-polskiego-m-nie-traci-blasku.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2017/12/nominat-wicepremiera-ministra-profesora.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2018/02/krzysztof-k-sld-marszaek-sawomir.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2019/07/krzysztof-k-sld-marszaek.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2022/07/sprawiedliwosc-1.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2023/08/artystka-w-wieku-emerytalnym.html

Photo: http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/08/gwiazda-polskiego-muzealnictwa.html

Wawel Royal Castle-State Art Collection gives the date of its foundation 1930.
Wawel Royal Castle was built from the 10th century, the present castle was built in the 14th century and then extended over the next hundreds of years. From the end of the 11th century to 1606, it was the residence of the kings of Poland. It consists of a series of buildings from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods arranged around the main, arcaded courtyard in the style of the Italian Renaissance.
At the permanent exhibitions Wawel Royal Castle you can see: the coronation sword Szczerbiec, a collection of 138 tapestries made in Brussels from around 1550 to 1560, the largest collection of Ottoman tents in Europe.
Wawel Royal Castle covers 7,040 square meters. There are 71 exhibition halls to visit.
The museum's branches are: Pieskowa Skała Castle and Manor House at Stryszów.
On the Wawel Hill, next to the castle, there is a cathedral, the construction of which began in the 14th century, on the foundations of two earlier cathedrals. Polish monarchs were crowned in the Wawel Cathedral. In the crypts under the Wawel Cathedral, there are the tombs of Polish kings, national heroes and national bards. The cathedral is surrounded by numerous chapels, one of them Sigismund's Chapel, conceived as the mausoleum of the last members of the Jagiellonian dynasty, is considered an outstanding example of the Tuscan Renaissance. The Cathedral Museum named after John Paul II, opened in 1978, operates at the cathedral.

The National Museum in Krakow (NMK) was established in 1879.
The museum has a collection of works of Polish, European and non-European art, including:
- Leonardo da Vinci "Lady with an Ermine"
- Rembrandt "Landscape with the Good Samaritan"
The NMK has 12 branches and over 900,000 exhibits.

https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2021/12/informacja-publiczna-w-tzw-muzeum.html

The "Museum of Warsaw" did not inform about the number of exhibits in the collection, the exhibition area, etc. Contrary to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court, reference number I OSK 634/14 did not provide public information about Marta Żakowska, Anna Duńczyk-Szulc, Rafał Kownacki, Marta Grom, Karolina Ziębińska-Lewandowska, such as: education, promotions, professional career, competences. By order signed by Rafał Trzaskowski (PO, KO), Karolina Ziębińska-Lewandowska took the position of director of the "Museum of Warsaw" from January 1, 2021. The deputy chairman of the "Museum of Warsaw" council is Jack L., brought to Poland in 2008 by Bogdan Z. (PO, KO). In 2015, the "Museum of Warsaw" tried to take over the Museum of Caricature against public opinion.
About the "Museum of Warsaw" read, for example:
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2015/02/rekrutacje-do-muzeum-warszawy.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2023/07/aplikujacy-nie-zosta-wskazany-jako.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2024/05/tzw-noc-muzeow-i-pikiety-muzealnikow.html

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „MSN” in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of affiliates,
- exhibition space,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- revenue,
- costs,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences: Joanna Mytkowska, Marcel Andino Velez, Tomasz Błażej, Sebastian Cichocki, Natalia Sielewicz, Tomasz Fudala, Agnieszka Piech, Maciej Wołosiuk, Hanna Zwierzchowska.

The "Wieliczka" Salt Mine is one of the oldest rock salt mines in the world. The "Wieliczka" Salt Mine has more than 7 centuries of exploitation of the salt deposit, 2,391 chambers and 245 km of galleries, 9 main levels at a depth of 57 to 327 meters.
In the "Wieliczka" Salt Mine, on the 3rd level, at a depth of 135 meters, there is the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka. The Cracow Saltworks Museum founded in 1951, apart from the underground part, also has a second part on the surface in the medieval Saltworks Castle. The museum presents the history of the mine, tools and devices used to extract and transport salt, and the history of the city of Wieliczka.
The museum's collection consists of about 20,000 exhibits.

"Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanow" was established in 1995 as an independent museum.
Number of artifacts over 13,600.
The museum identifying itself as: "Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanow" does not provide public information upon request for such information formulated in English. An application in English for disclosure of public information addressed to the museum included, inter alia, requests to disclose:
- at what stage are the claims of Count Adam Branicki's heirs against the museum?
- education, promotions, professional career, competences of the management of: Paweł Olaf Jaskanis [nominee of Piotr Gliński (PiS)], Magdalena Całka, Dorota Folga-Januszewska, Piotr Górajec.

https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2021/03/the-museum-identifying-itself-as-museum.html

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „Casimir Pulaski Museum” in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences: Wojciech Kudyba, Leszek Przybytniak, Aldona Rzeźnik, Witold Bujakowski, Jan Wiktor Sienkiewicz, Dorota Janiszewska-Jakubiak, Rafał Wróblewski, Krzysztof Ambroziak, Andrzej Zaręba, Marzena Kądrowska-Grochal, Iwona Stefaniak z d. Bogumił.
Co-financed by the Grojec coun. (Krzysztof A. PSL-PL 2050) and the mini. of cul. (Marta C. PL 2050).

Anita Lewczuk aka Leoniuk (PSL nominee) claiming to be the director and Kamilla Tokarska claiming to be the executive when asked about the number of exhibits, the most important exhibits, the most important collections, the number of acquired exhibits, the value of all exhibits, income, costs, attendance, the number of employees, the number of professional museum workers, the most important projects implemented in last year, number of publications, number of scientific publications, number of educational activities, number of digitized objects available on the Internet, number of social media users, library, bookstore, shop, restaurant / café, number of volunteers, friends' associations and foundations, and whether the museum is friendly to children, animals and the disabled - she did not answer. The questions were asked in English.

Principals of Anita Lewczuk aka Leoniuk:
Andrzej Romanczuk (PSL)
Tomasz Korzeniewski (NL)
Edward Lagwa (NL)
Marian Kupisz (PSL)
Piotr Glinski (PiS)
Jaroslaw Sellin (PiS)
Mariusz Zańko (PiS)

https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2016/06/fikcyjny-konkurs-na-dyrektora-m.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2019/04/f-konkurs-na-dyrektora-m.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2021/07/andrzej-r-psl-najgorszy-s-w-historii.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2022/12/partyjniacka-ust-przedwyborcza-nawet.html

https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2016/12/dziaka-wydzielona-z-parceli-muzeum.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2018/08/profanacja-w-muzeum.html
https://zabytki-wlodawy.blogspot.com/2018/09/chemska-delegatura-wuoz-w-sprawie.html
https://zabytki-wlodawy.blogspot.com/2018/12/profanacja-na-najstarszym-cmentarzu.html
https://zabytki-wlodawy.blogspot.com/2019/01/wojewodzki-konserwator-zabytkow-nie.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2020/09/scena-na-cmentarzu.html

https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2020/10/kolejny-skandal-w-tzw-m-zespole.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2021/04/naruszenie-majatkowych-praw-autorskich.html

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „Museum of Literature”, board of the mas. voi. and mini. of cul. in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of affiliates,
- exhibition space,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- revenue,
- costs,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences:
Anna Lipa, Maciej Wróbel (KO), Adam Kowalski, Piotr Kłoczowski, Kamila Wesołowska, Maciej Makulec, Beata Szmigiero, Piotr Rypson, Edyta Plichta, Rafał Rajkowski (KO), Urszula Więch-Jędras, Katarzyna Jakimiak, Grażyna Ryfka, Martyna Replin-Bala, Urszula Pogorzelec-Makos, Małgorzata Kawecka, Katarzyna Piktel, Andrzej Stanisław Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Wichowska, Anna Szczepanek, Agnieszka Papieska, Amadeusz Szklarz-Habrowski, Aleksandra Kujawa-Eberharter, Walery Butewicz, Anna Lebensztejn, Jan Owczarek, Łukasz Kossowski (In the mid-2000s, journalists created a forged painting in the style of Franciszek Starowieyski as part of a sting operation to test art experts. The work, titled “Zjawa,” was authenticated as genuine by art historian Łukasz Kossowski and sold at auction. The journalists then revealed it was a deliberate fake. After art journalist Janusz Miliszkiewicz publicly criticized him, Kossowski sued for defamation. In 2011, the court dismissed the case, ruling that the criticism was justified.), Piotr Szpanowski, Piotr Policht, Sonia Jaszczyńska, Emilia Tomasik , Edyta Kędrek-Motyka, Natalia Malek, Agnieszka Maria Kuźmińska (PSL formerly PiS), Maria Dembińska, Julian Adamczyk, Piotr Prasuła, Łukasz Traczyk, Małgorzata Ziąbska, Teresa Wielgosz, Anna Polit, Anna Molska, Beata Turczyk, Piotr Dymmel, Olga Wybodowska, Marcin Komosa (PSL), Anna Katarzyna Brzezińska (KO), Karolina Więckowska, Alicja Szóstka, Anna Żochowska, Tomasz Chojczak, Szczepan Wojewódzki, Marta Słowik, Izabela Stelmańska (PSL), Marek Skrzyński, Elżbieta Rogowska (PL 2050 Szymon Hołownia), Edward Kucharski, Marta Cienkowska (PL 2050 Szymon Hołownia), Izabela Zychowicz, Roksana Gawrońska, Lech Gołębiewski, Paweł Eryk Martofel (KO), Jarosław Klejnocki, Jakub Makowski, Andrzej Fiett, Janina Ewa Orzełowska (PSL), Anna Nowacka, Ilona Lewandowska, Magdalena Busz, Edyta Kędrek-Motyka, Małgorzata Zatorska, Grażyna Grabowska, Katarzyna Goraj, Inga Kowalik, Bartłomiej Kwasek, Sandra Włodarczyk, Justyna Radziukiewicz, Małgorzata Górzyńska, Grażyna Grochowiakowa, Magdalena Durko-Stępień, Anna Grochowiak, Anna Kowalska, Maciej Bociański, Jarosław Mikołajewski, Maryla Śledzianowska, Jan Barański, Maria Dorota Pieńkowska, Filip Bojarski, Adam Struzik (PSL), Wiesław Raboszuk (KO), Beata Michalec (KO).
Par. organized c. group, as part of providing public information, did not provide the names, surnames and affiliations of the members of the commissions that elected the director of the „Museum of Literature” in 2024-2026.
The selection of the director of the „Museum of Literature” has recently become the subject of a political and institutional dispute. The controversy centers on the appointment of a candidate closely associated with local politicians, which has raised concerns about transparency, professional qualifications, and political influence in cultural institutions.
The conflict began after a competition for the director’s post held at the end of 2024. The jury selected a candidate with cultural-management experience, but the regional authorities of Mazovia, which supervise the museum, did not appoint the winner. Instead, they installed another candidate—Beata Michalec, a local councillor—first as acting director and later as the winner of a second competition.
Critics argued that the procedures lacked transparency and were designed to favor a politically connected candidate. Reports indicated that the composition of the selection committee was dominated by officials linked to regional political parties, and that the competition’s requirements did not include clear professional qualifications in literary studies or archival work.
The Ministry of Culture opposed the appointment, stating that cultural institutions should be led by qualified specialists rather than political appointees. The dispute escalated into a legal and administrative conflict between the ministry and the regional government, with the minister asking the regional governor to review the legality of the decision.
As a result, the case has become an example of broader tensions in Poland over how directors of cultural institutions are selected, with critics warning against politicization and calling for more transparent, merit-based procedures.
The so-called mini. of cul. withdrew from financing the museum and terminated the agreement to run the museum as a joint cultural institution. This termination means that, from January 1, 2027, the museum will remain a local government cultural institution operated solely by the so-called board of the mas. voi.

Calouste Gulbenkian Museum opened in 1969. The founder of the museum, as well as the Centro de Arte Moderna (CAM) and the Gulbenkian Art Library, is the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
The collection includes works of art from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome, Islamic art, Chinese art, Japanese art, Armenian art as well as 18th-century French decorative art, René Lalique jewelry and works by European masters such as Rembrandt, Hals, Ruisdael, Rubens, Fragonard, Boucher, Rodin, Monet, Renoir, Manet, Degas, Gainsborough, Turner.
The collection includes 6,000 works of art, of which over one thousand are on permanent exhibitions.

Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon. Photo: © Ricardo Oliveira Alves

The Berardo Collection Museum established in 2007, collects modern and contemporary art. Among the more than 1,000 works of art exhibited at the permanent and temporary exhibitions, you can see the works of Pablo Picasso. Salvador Dalí, Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Francis Bacon, Alexander Calder and Maria Helena Vieira da Silva.

The Palácio Nacional de Mafra (National Palace of Mafra) consists of a palace, basilica, convent (which includes a library), Cerco Garden and hunting park (Tapada). Built in the years 1717-1755 in the baroque and neoclassical styles. The entire complex covers 37,790 square meters with approximately 1,200 rooms.
As a museum, it officially opened to the public in 1911. Currently, the National Museum of Music is being moved to the palace complex.

The Serralves Museum was opened in 1999.
It is a museum of contemporary art where you can see works by artists such as Franz West, Claes Oldenburg or Richard Hamilton at temporary exhibitions (no permanent exhibitions).
The museum building covers an area of 13,000 square meters, including 4,500 square meters for exhibition space.

Museu Nacional da Imprensa, Jornais e Artes Gráficas (MNI, National Museum of the Press, Newspapers and Graphic Arts) founded in 1997.
MNI presents the historical processes of typesetting, printing and binding. The MNI has the International Cartoons Gallery.

Inaugurated in September 2002, in Seia, at the heart of the Serra da Estrela mountains, the Bread Museum is today a landmark in Portuguese museology and the largest complex in the world dedicated to the theme. It is not a museum to simply look at – it is one to feel, to listen with your hands, to taste with your eyes, and to learn with your soul. The Bread Museum belongs to everyone who finds themselves in it. It is shared memory, heritage with the scent of warm bread from the oven.
This museum holds 12,000 years of human history through the most universal of all foods. Here, time slows down and echoes the footsteps of those who sowed, harvested, kneaded, and baked. The mills tell stories, and the ancestral act of making bread – simple, hard, essential – is revealed as one of civilisation’s greatest gestures.

Pena Palace built in 1842–1854 for King Ferynand II by the engineer Wilhelm von Eschwege. The eclectic palace is one of the main objects of the 19th century Romanticism in the world. The palace is surrounded by a 200-hectare forest park.