The origins of the Canadian War Museum date back to 1880, but was formally established in 1942.
It functions as both a museum of Canadian military history and a memorial site. It is designed to emphasize the human experience of war. For the public it offers: Canadian Experience galleries, LeBreton Gallery, Memorial Hall, Regeneration Hall, Royal Canadian Legion Hall of Honor.
Its collections include, among others: weapons, rare vehicles, uniforms, medals, art, documents, maps, sound and visual recordings, e.g. Mercedes-Benz car that belonged to Adolf Hitler, Chieftain and Mk III Valentine tanks, CF-101 Voodoo fighter. The entire collection includes over 3 million artifacts.
The museum building covers an area of 440,000 square meters.

The Bytown Museum was established in 1917, founded by the Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Ottawa, initially known as the Bytown Historical Museum.
The Bytown Museum offers a rich array of collections and exhibitions that delve into the city’s birth and development—from its Indigenous roots to modern-day Ottawa:
- Permanent Collection (‘Where Ottawa Begins’)
Explores the Ottawa Valley’s early history—from the Anishinàbe Algonquin First Peoples and the founding of Bytown—through the construction of the Rideau Canal and its wild lumberjack era. Continues through the Victorian era, the burning of the Parliament Buildings, and Canada’s involvement in international conflicts. Notable treasures include a cast of Thomas D’Arcy McGee’s death hand, canal-era stone vault doors, historic lithographs and engravings (e.g., 1859 “City of Ottawa” lithograph), and artifacts related to Indigenous and settler life.
- Temporary & Community Galleries
Feature rotating exhibitions on local, regional, and social history: recent examples include health-care evolution (e.g., Capital Healers).
- Digital ‘Stories from the Collection’
A cutting-edge digitization initiative with Carleton Immersive Media Studio, offering 3D-modelled artifacts drawn from storage and galleries. The collection spans Indigenous artifacts, industrial tools, women’s stories, wartime and peacetime life.
- Extra Highlights
A kids’ zone titled ‘A Day in My Life’, located in the community gallery, brings history to life for younger audiences.
The Bytown Museum holds an impressive collection of nearly 15,000 artifacts.

Osaka Castle was built at the end of the 16th century, made of wood, on two embankments of earth and hewn stones, surrounded by a moat. It was destroyed and rebuilt many times, currently it is a concrete reconstruction of the 17th-century Osaka Castle. There are 13 buildings in the castle, the main of which is a five-story tower.
The castle covers an area of over 6 hectares and is surrounded by 106 hectares of an open park.
Currently, a historical museum called Osaka Castle Museum operates inside the castle.

The National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO) is located on Nakanoshima island in central Osaka. It is celebrated for its unique subterranean architecture and its focus on post-war contemporary art.
The museum originally opened on October 15, 1977, in Suita, using the Expo Museum of Fine Arts building from the 1970 World Exposition. Due to the aging of the original facility, it moved to its current location in Nakanoshima in November 2004. Designed by César Pelli, the museum is almost entirely underground. The above-ground entrance features a striking stainless steel and glass structure inspired by the "supple vitality of bamboo".
The collection comprises approximately 8,300 works. The museum primarily collects contemporary art from Japan and abroad produced since 1945. Notable artists in the collection include Pablo Picasso, Paul Cézanne, Andy Warhol, Yayoi Kusama, and Tadanori Yokoo.
The facility features three underground levels, with galleries on the second and third basement floors.
The total floor area of the museum is approximately 13,500 square meters.

Photography by Block Photograph./Shota Fukami

Monte Albán is one of the first cities in Mesoamerica, founded 500 years BC. It functioned as the ancient capital of the Zapotecs from the beginning of AD until 800 AD.
The city center is occupied by the monumental Main Plaza bordered to the north and south by large platforms. A series of smaller platform mounds surround the Main Plaza to the east and west. On the platforms to which the large stairs lead, there are, among others: Ballgame Court, Pyramid Complex, Palace.
In front of the city entrance on the north side are the Tomb Complex and the Museo de Sitio de Monte Albán. In the museum, you can see stone carvings called "Danzantes" depicting tortured and sacrificed prisoners of war. Zona Arqueológica de Monte Albán covers an area of 4,000 hectares.

The National Space Museum, a facility under the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). Located at the Obasanjo Space Centre on Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Expressway in Abuja, the museum serves as a gateway to understanding the nation's space endeavours and the broader universe.
A significant development for the museum is a public-private partnership with Milky-Way Visuals Ltd., the commercial arm of NASRDA. This collaboration is set to transform the museum into a world-class facility, complete with a state-of-the-art planetarium. The N3.5 billion project, financed by private investment, aims to enhance the visitor experience through cutting-edge technology, interactive science exhibits, and robust educational programs.
Unveiling Nigeria's Space Saga: The Exhibits
The museum's collection is designed to chronicle Nigeria's space journey and inspire future generations. Information points to several key attractions:
Real-time Satellite Visualization: This interactive exhibit is a major draw, allowing visitors to see real-time data and visualizations of satellites in orbit, including Nigeria's own fleet like NigeriaSat-2, NigeriaSat-X etc. This display offers insight into the different types of satellites, their orbits, and their critical functions in communications, remote sensing, and more.
The Astronomy Corner: Delving into the wonders of the universe, this section provides an engaging and interactive learning experience about celestial objects. Visitors can expect to learn about stars, galaxies, planets, and other phenomena that populate the cosmos.
Showcasing Nigerian Satellites: The museum undoubtedly features exhibits detailing Nigeria's satellite missions, from the launch of NigeriaSat-1 to the latest advancements. These displays include models of Nigerian satellites and information on their contributions to national development in areas such as agriculture, security, and disaster management etc.
Interactive Learning: In line with the partnership with Milky-Way Visuals, the museum features a strong emphasis on interactive and hands-on learning experiences. This includes the development of educational materials and the hosting of STEM workshops for all ages, aimed at fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of space science and technology.

Munchmuseet (MUNCH) opened in 1963.
MUNCH is devoted to the life and work of the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch (1863–1944).
MUNCH has nearly 1,200 paintings in its collection, which is more than half of the artist's entire painting output. MUNCH is in possession of the entire graphic heritage, in the number of 18,322 graphics with 842 different motifs. The Collection is completed by 7,050 drawings and sketches and 14 sculptures. It is one of the world's largest single artist collections. In addition, the collection includes original Munch photographs, printing plates and lithographic stones, handwritten texts and letters, as well as personal items.
In total, the collection includes over 42,000 museum objects.

The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (National Museum, Nasjonalmuseet, NaM) was established in 1837 as the National Museum. The new National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design opened in 2022 (https://www.museumworldranking.net/news/the-national-museum-of-norway-announces-forthcoming-exhibition-programme-following-anticipated-opening-in-june-2022,125).
The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design consists of:
- National Museum (collection of Norwegian Romantic Nationalism paintings, collection of works by Edvard Munch with the first version of "The Scream" from 1893, collection of graphics and drawings with works by, among others, Durer, Rafael, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van Gogh)
- National Museum - Architecture (collection consisting of over 300,000 architectural drawings, models, photographic documentation from the period from the 1830s to the present day)
- Villa Stenersen (an example of Norwegian functionalism designed in 1937-1939)
The entire collection includes 400,000 objects.
The total area is over 54,600 square meters, of which 10,000 square meters is the exhibition area.

Photo: Iwan Baan

The Holmenkollen Ski Museum, situated beneath the iconic Holmenkollen Ski Jump in Oslo, is the world's oldest museum dedicated to skiing. Established in 1923, it showcases over 4,000 years of skiing history, including ancient skis and polar exploration artifacts.
The museum's exhibits include:
- Ancient Skis: Featuring some of the oldest known skis, including the Drevja ski, which is over 5,000 years old.
- Viking Age Artifacts: Showcasing rock carvings and skis from the Viking period, illustrating early skiing culture in Norway.
- Modern Ski Equipment: Displaying racing and cross-country skis, as well as snowboards, highlighting the evolution of skiing equipment.
- Polar Exploration Gear: Exhibiting equipment used by renowned explorers like Fridtjof Nansen and Roald Amundsen, offering insights into historic polar expeditions.
- Olympic Memorabilia: Presenting artifacts and photographs from the Winter Olympics held in Oslo in 1952 and Lillehammer in 1994.
The Holmenkollen Ski Museum in Oslo boasts a collection of approximately 4,000 exhibits. Among these, the museum displays around 2,500 pairs of skis, including those belonging to notable Norwegian skiers and members of the Royal Family.
The museum underwent significant renovations for its centenary in 2023, with architectural firm Snøhetta designing a new extension and outdoor entrance. The newly designed extension encompasses an area of 525 square meters.
Visitors can also enjoy panoramic views of Oslo from the observation deck atop the ski jump tower.

Photo: Andreas Bache-Wiig/Skimuseet

The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford was officially established in 1602 by Sir Thomas Bodley. The library opened to the public on November 8, 1602.
The Bodleian Library is one of the most significant libraries in the world, with extensive collections spanning various subjects. Some of its most notable collections include:
1. Manuscripts and Rare Books
- Medieval Manuscripts – Includes illuminated manuscripts, such as the Ashmole Bestiary and The Book of Hours.
- Gutenberg Bible – One of the earliest books printed with movable type.
- Shakespeare’s First Folio (1623) – A rare edition of Shakespeare’s collected plays.
- Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts – Including the Lindisfarne Gospels and Red Book of Hergest.
2. Maps and Cartography
- Gough Map (c. 1360) – One of the earliest detailed maps of Britain.
- Selden Map of China (17th century) – A rare Chinese maritime trade map.
3. Personal Papers and Archives
- J.R.R. Tolkien’s Papers – Including drafts and illustrations for „The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit”.
- C.S. Lewis Collection – Personal writings of the author of „The Chronicles of Narnia”.
- Mary Shelley’s „Frankenstein” – Original handwritten manuscript.
- Letters and Diaries of British Prime Ministers – Including papers from Winston Churchill.
4. Eastern and Non-Western Collections
- Islamic Manuscripts – Including Persian, Arabic, and Ottoman texts.
- Chinese, Japanese, and Sanskrit Texts – Rare books from across Asia.
- Hebrew Manuscripts – Important Jewish texts, including biblical and Talmudic works.
5. Scientific and Medical Collections
- Codex Mendoza – A 16th-century Aztec codex detailing the history and culture of the Aztec Empire.
- John Dee’s Collection – Works of the famous Elizabethan alchemist and astrologer.
- Robert Hooke’s Micrographia – A groundbreaking 1665 book on early microscopy.
6. Modern and Digital Archives
- Literary Archives – Includes modern authors such as Philip Pullman.
- Oxford University Archives – Documents related to the history of the university.
- Digitized Collections – Many manuscripts and books are available online through projects like Digital Bodleian.
The Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford collectively hold over 13 million printed items. Additionally, they house more than one million special collection items, including manuscripts, archives, and rare books.
The Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford encompass multiple buildings with a combined gross internal floor area of approximately 42,774 square meters as of the 2020–2021 period. Additionally, the Book Storage Facility (BSF) in Swindon, designed to house lower-usage items from the libraries' collections, offers around 10,000 square meters of warehouse space, complemented by 1,000 square meters of ancillary office and processing areas. Therefore, the combined area of the Bodleian Libraries' main buildings and the BSF is approximately 53,774 square meters.
The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford features several exhibition spaces, primarily within the Weston Library. The main public area, Blackwell Hall, serves as the central hub for visitors, offering access to exhibitions, a café, and a gift shop. While the exact total exhibition area isn't specified in the available sources, the Weston Library includes a hall measuring 854 square meters, which is utilized for various events, including exhibitions. Additionally, the Old Schools Quadrangle, part of the historic Bodleian complex, houses spaces that have been repurposed for exhibitions and other public functions.

Ashmolean Museum opened in 1683. The world's first university museum.
The museum's collection includes one of the most important collections of Pre-Raphaelite paintings, paintings by William Turner, John Constable, Claude Lorraine and Pablo Picasso. The archeology department boasts a collection of Greek and Minoan pottery (the largest outside Crete), artifacts from ancient Egypt and Sudan. An important place is occupied by the collections of majolica ceramics and English silverware.