The Baths independent museum since 1995.
In its present shape, Baths established in the second half of the 18th century by Stanisław August Poniatowski, who, through the bed of the later Catherine II Empress of Russia (he had a daughter with her), came to the throne of Poland (at that time Poland was under Russian protectorate and was subjected to another three partitions, which ended the existence of the First Polish Republic).
The park and palace complex covers 76 hectares.
Before the parliamentary and local government elections, the directors of the so-called Baths:
- acting Marianna O.,
- deputy director for Hunting and Horsemanship Piotr Ś., the so-called department child and hunting companion of former president Bronisław K. (PO),
- plenipotentiary for the organization of the Branch of the Museum of Hunting and Horsemanship Marek Z.
- director's plenipotentiary for organization of exhibitions and promotion Branch of the Museum of Hunting and Horsemanship Marzena J.
trying to take over the premises of the Virtual Museum of the Unbroken Soldiers, dedicated to the Polish independence and anti-communist underground after World War II, the oldest museum of this kind in Poland.
Deputy Prime Minister Piotr G. (PiS) and Secretary of State Jarosław S. (PiS) are responsible for appointing the directors (without competition).
Piotr Ś. is known, among others, for from conducting in the so-called a museum of a company dealing with the organization of hunting for foreigners and trade in chemicals (e.g.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/tu-t.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2016/12/brak-reakcji-ministerstwa.html)
and false accusations of an employee of the so-called museum about the theft of a stuffed mallard duck (e.g.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/nieprawdziwe-oskarzenia-o-kradziez.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/zmiany-w-protokole-rozprawy-stronniczy.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/11/wystepy-p-piotra-s-w-sadzie.html,
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2018/06/zorganizowana-gp-byy-d-piotr-s-tzw-sso.html)
and "hijacking" copyrights (e.g.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/fotografie-na-stronie-internetowej.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2022/08/sprawiedliwosc-4.html)
and using the Star of David as the museum's sheriff's star in children's games
(https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/gwiazda-szeryfa-muzeum.html)

The "Museum of Warsaw" did not inform about the number of exhibits in the collection, the exhibition area, etc. Contrary to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court, reference number I OSK 634/14 did not provide public information about Marta Żakowska, Anna Duńczyk-Szulc, Rafał Kownacki, Marta Grom, Karolina Ziębińska-Lewandowska, such as: education, promotions, professional career, competences. By order signed by Rafał Trzaskowski (PO, KO), Karolina Ziębińska-Lewandowska took the position of director of the "Museum of Warsaw" from January 1, 2021. The deputy chairman of the "Museum of Warsaw" council is Jack L., brought to Poland in 2008 by Bogdan Z. (PO, KO). In 2015, the "Museum of Warsaw" tried to take over the Museum of Caricature against public opinion.
About the "Museum of Warsaw" read, for example:
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2015/02/rekrutacje-do-muzeum-warszawy.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2023/07/aplikujacy-nie-zosta-wskazany-jako.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2024/05/tzw-noc-muzeow-i-pikiety-muzealnikow.html

"Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanow" was established in 1995 as an independent museum.
Number of artifacts over 13,600.
The museum identifying itself as: "Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanow" does not provide public information upon request for such information formulated in English. An application in English for disclosure of public information addressed to the museum included, inter alia, requests to disclose:
- at what stage are the claims of Count Adam Branicki's heirs against the museum?
- education, promotions, professional career, competences of the management of: Paweł Olaf Jaskanis [nominee of Piotr Gliński (PiS)], Magdalena Całka, Dorota Folga-Januszewska, Piotr Górajec.

https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2021/03/the-museum-identifying-itself-as-museum.html

The contr. director is Bérengère de L.

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „Casimir Pulaski Museum” in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences: Wojciech Kudyba, Leszek Przybytniak, Aldona Rzeźnik, Witold Bujakowski, Jan Wiktor Sienkiewicz, Dorota Janiszewska-Jakubiak, Rafał Wróblewski, Krzysztof Ambroziak, Andrzej Zaręba, Marzena Kądrowska-Grochal, Iwona Stefaniak z d. Bogumił.
Co-financed by the Grojec coun. (Krzysztof A. PSL-PL 2050) and the mini. of cul. (Marta C. PL 2050).

1. Limited exhibition: Some visitors believe that the permanent exhibitions are too modest and do not fully reflect the city's rich history. Therefore, expectations regarding a deeper narrative about Gdynia may not be met.
2. Lack of interactivity: Compared to modern museums that offer many interactive elements, the Gdynia City Museum may seem traditional and less engaging to a younger audience.
3. Location: Although it is located in the city center, some visitors may find it difficult to find, especially if someone does not know Gdynia well.
4. Limited opening hours: Some criticism also concerns opening hours, which may not be adapted to the needs of tourists, especially on weekends.
5. Ticket price: For some visitors, the ticket price may seem too high compared to the exhibition content offered.
6. Lack of catering facilities: The lack of a café or restaurant on site may be considered an inconvenience, especially for tourists spending a long time in the museum.
7. Parking spaces for people with disabilities are located 100 meters from the museum.
8. The museum responds to visitors' intervention for no longer than 2 months.
9. Films published before September 1, 2019 do not have subtitles for the deaf, some graphic materials lack alternative texts, some documents are not digitally available.
10. The director of the museum is Karin M., an official from the city hall of former president Wojciech Sz., who was associated with former president Lech K. (PiS). Appointed to the position of acting director by the same Wojciech Sz.

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „MSN” in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of affiliates,
- exhibition space,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- revenue,
- costs,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences: Joanna Mytkowska, Marcel Andino Velez, Tomasz Błażej, Sebastian Cichocki, Natalia Sielewicz, Tomasz Fudala, Agnieszka Piech, Maciej Wołosiuk, Hanna Zwierzchowska.

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „Museum of Literature”, board of the mas. voi. and mini. of cul. in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of affiliates,
- exhibition space,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- revenue,
- costs,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences:
Anna Lipa, Maciej Wróbel (KO), Adam Kowalski, Piotr Kłoczowski, Kamila Wesołowska, Maciej Makulec, Beata Szmigiero, Piotr Rypson, Edyta Plichta, Rafał Rajkowski (KO), Urszula Więch-Jędras, Katarzyna Jakimiak, Grażyna Ryfka, Martyna Replin-Bala, Urszula Pogorzelec-Makos, Małgorzata Kawecka, Katarzyna Piktel, Andrzej Stanisław Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Wichowska, Anna Szczepanek, Agnieszka Papieska, Amadeusz Szklarz-Habrowski, Aleksandra Kujawa-Eberharter, Walery Butewicz, Anna Lebensztejn, Jan Owczarek, Łukasz Kossowski (In the mid-2000s, journalists created a forged painting in the style of Franciszek Starowieyski as part of a sting operation to test art experts. The work, titled “Zjawa,” was authenticated as genuine by art historian Łukasz Kossowski and sold at auction. The journalists then revealed it was a deliberate fake. After art journalist Janusz Miliszkiewicz publicly criticized him, Kossowski sued for defamation. In 2011, the court dismissed the case, ruling that the criticism was justified.), Piotr Szpanowski, Piotr Policht, Sonia Jaszczyńska, Emilia Tomasik , Edyta Kędrek-Motyka, Natalia Malek, Agnieszka Maria Kuźmińska (PSL formerly PiS), Maria Dembińska, Julian Adamczyk, Piotr Prasuła, Łukasz Traczyk, Małgorzata Ziąbska, Teresa Wielgosz, Anna Polit, Anna Molska, Beata Turczyk, Piotr Dymmel, Olga Wybodowska, Marcin Komosa (PSL), Anna Katarzyna Brzezińska (KO), Karolina Więckowska, Alicja Szóstka, Anna Żochowska, Tomasz Chojczak, Szczepan Wojewódzki, Marta Słowik, Izabela Stelmańska (PSL), Marek Skrzyński, Elżbieta Rogowska (PL 2050 Szymon Hołownia), Edward Kucharski, Marta Cienkowska (PL 2050 Szymon Hołownia), Izabela Zychowicz, Roksana Gawrońska, Lech Gołębiewski, Paweł Eryk Martofel (KO), Jarosław Klejnocki, Jakub Makowski, Andrzej Fiett, Janina Ewa Orzełowska (PSL), Anna Nowacka, Ilona Lewandowska, Magdalena Busz, Edyta Kędrek-Motyka, Małgorzata Zatorska, Grażyna Grabowska, Katarzyna Goraj, Inga Kowalik, Bartłomiej Kwasek, Sandra Włodarczyk, Justyna Radziukiewicz, Małgorzata Górzyńska, Grażyna Grochowiakowa, Magdalena Durko-Stępień, Anna Grochowiak, Anna Kowalska, Maciej Bociański, Jarosław Mikołajewski, Maryla Śledzianowska, Jan Barański, Maria Dorota Pieńkowska, Filip Bojarski, Adam Struzik (PSL), Wiesław Raboszuk (KO), Beata Michalec (KO).
Par. organized c. group, as part of providing public information, did not provide the names, surnames and affiliations of the members of the commissions that elected the director of the „Museum of Literature” in 2024-2026.
The selection of the director of the „Museum of Literature” has recently become the subject of a political and institutional dispute. The controversy centers on the appointment of a candidate closely associated with local politicians, which has raised concerns about transparency, professional qualifications, and political influence in cultural institutions.
The conflict began after a competition for the director’s post held at the end of 2024. The jury selected a candidate with cultural-management experience, but the regional authorities of Mazovia, which supervise the museum, did not appoint the winner. Instead, they installed another candidate—Beata Michalec, a local councillor—first as acting director and later as the winner of a second competition.
Critics argued that the procedures lacked transparency and were designed to favor a politically connected candidate. Reports indicated that the composition of the selection committee was dominated by officials linked to regional political parties, and that the competition’s requirements did not include clear professional qualifications in literary studies or archival work.
The Ministry of Culture opposed the appointment, stating that cultural institutions should be led by qualified specialists rather than political appointees. The dispute escalated into a legal and administrative conflict between the ministry and the regional government, with the minister asking the regional governor to review the legality of the decision.
As a result, the case has become an example of broader tensions in Poland over how directors of cultural institutions are selected, with critics warning against politicization and calling for more transparent, merit-based procedures.
The so-called mini. of cul. withdrew from financing the museum and terminated the agreement to run the museum as a joint cultural institution. This termination means that, from January 1, 2027, the museum will remain a local government cultural institution operated solely by the so-called board of the mas. voi.

Anita Lewczuk aka Leoniuk (PSL nominee) claiming to be the director and Kamilla Tokarska claiming to be the executive when asked about the number of exhibits, the most important exhibits, the most important collections, the number of acquired exhibits, the value of all exhibits, income, costs, attendance, the number of employees, the number of professional museum workers, the most important projects implemented in last year, number of publications, number of scientific publications, number of educational activities, number of digitized objects available on the Internet, number of social media users, library, bookstore, shop, restaurant / café, number of volunteers, friends' associations and foundations, and whether the museum is friendly to children, animals and the disabled - she did not answer. The questions were asked in English.

Principals of Anita Lewczuk aka Leoniuk:
Andrzej Romanczuk (PSL)
Tomasz Korzeniewski (NL)
Edward Lagwa (NL)
Marian Kupisz (PSL)
Piotr Glinski (PiS)
Jaroslaw Sellin (PiS)
Mariusz Zańko (PiS)

https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2016/06/fikcyjny-konkurs-na-dyrektora-m.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2019/04/f-konkurs-na-dyrektora-m.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2021/07/andrzej-r-psl-najgorszy-s-w-historii.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2022/12/partyjniacka-ust-przedwyborcza-nawet.html

https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2016/12/dziaka-wydzielona-z-parceli-muzeum.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2018/08/profanacja-w-muzeum.html
https://zabytki-wlodawy.blogspot.com/2018/09/chemska-delegatura-wuoz-w-sprawie.html
https://zabytki-wlodawy.blogspot.com/2018/12/profanacja-na-najstarszym-cmentarzu.html
https://zabytki-wlodawy.blogspot.com/2019/01/wojewodzki-konserwator-zabytkow-nie.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2020/09/scena-na-cmentarzu.html

https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2020/10/kolejny-skandal-w-tzw-m-zespole.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2021/04/naruszenie-majatkowych-praw-autorskich.html

The current „m.” [Anna F.-L. (59) e.g. conservator, Małgorzata M. (62) e.g. employment and payroll specialist, Zofia K. (55) e.g. accountant] worked closely with Krzysztof K. (PZPR, SLD) as his devoted employees. Krzysztof K. questioned, contrary to the facts, the origin of museum exhibits worth millions of zlotys from the Z. collection. He took over the m. g. house for his private agritourism. He organized widely criticized hunting events with the participation of, for example, former „president” Bronisław K. (PO).
In 2015, Krzysztof K. as d. (a warm pensioner of Art Nouveau glass collector) was replaced by Anna F.-L., appointed by Sławomir S. (PSL), who claimed to be the so-called marshal of the L. voivodeship. In 2020, for the next 5-year term, he recommended Anna F.-L., claiming to be the so-called marshal of the L. voivodeship Jarosław S. (PiS). Claiming to be the so-called mini. of cu. Piotr G. (PiS) agreed to the so-called the appointment without a competition and he was convinced, for example, by the «Catholic Association "Civitas Christiana"».
The current „m.” continues the entire "line" adopted by Krzysztof K. and guards his i. Why? If you don't know what the problem is...
On June 22, 2018, a special event was organized together with the "Polish Hunting Association", which was met with numerous voices of protest. On the same day, Anna F.-L. was honored by Piotr G. with the "Gloria Artis" medal. The same Piotr G. appointed Anna F.-L. for the years 2021-2024 as a member of the "council for museums and places". Then, in a "secret ballot", Anna F.-L. was "chosen" for the so-called chairman of the board.
The so-called the board of the L. voivodeship dismissed Anna F.-L. from the position of director. Previously, twice the so-called marshal of the L. voivodeship Jarosław S. (PiS) addressed the so-called minister of c. Piotr G. (PiS) to express his opinion on the dismissal of Anna F.-L. The so-called writings marshal's questions remained unanswered. List of charges against Anna F.-L. is long, the main ones concerned the renovation for PLN 40 million, which practically stopped, and the inappropriate spending of funds on the so-called law firm.
On March 1, 2023, Jerzy D., a disability specialist, became the acting director without competition, and his deputy was Sławomir G., specializing in socialist realism, a long-time collaborator of Krzysztof K. and Anna F.-L.
Jerzy D. will soon be replaced by Bożena C., an official from the so-called marshal's office, the resolution on her appointment was passed without competition on August 16, 2023 by the so-called board of the L. voivodeship.
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/04/naciski-na-biegego_4064.html
http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/05/posrod-owieckiej-braci.html
http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/08/gwiazda-polskiego-muzealnictwa.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2016/11/prominencka-zorganizowana-grupa-p.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2017/06/eks-dyrektor-i-eks-prezydent-znowu.html
http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2017/12/gwiazda-polskiego-m-nie-traci-blasku.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2017/12/nominat-wicepremiera-ministra-profesora.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2018/02/krzysztof-k-sld-marszaek-sawomir.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2019/07/krzysztof-k-sld-marszaek.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2022/07/sprawiedliwosc-1.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2023/08/artystka-w-wieku-emerytalnym.html

Photo: http://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2014/08/gwiazda-polskiego-muzealnictwa.html

Par. organized c. group claiming to be the „Muzeum Ziemi Chelmskiej” in violation of Article 23 of the Act on Access to Public Information failed to provide public information, for example on the following topics:
- date of founding,
- number of affiliates,
- exhibition space,
- number of exhibits,
- most important exhibits,
- most important collections,
- revenue,
- costs,
- attendance,
- permanent exhibitions,
- temporary exhibitions,
- education, promotions, career path, competences:
1. Malgorzata Podlewska-Bem
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2025/03/nominowani-do-listy-antyinnowacyjnosci.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2025/01/kandydaci-na-nominowanych-do-listy.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2023/12/marek-b-i-ukr-sie-pod-nickiem.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2018/07/magorzata-p-b.html
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2018/07/poczet-dyrektorow-muzeum.html
2. Jagoda Barczynska
https://wlodawskie-kurioza.blogspot.com/2025/03/nominowani-do-listy-antyinnowacyjnosci.html
3. Joanna Suchocka
4. Natalia Jedruszczak

The 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art opened in 2004.
The collection focuses on works created since 1980. The collection includes works by, among others: Gerhard Richter, James Turrell, Atsuko Tanaka, Anne Wilson, Leandro Erlich, Olafur Eliasson.
Museum area 17,069 square meters.

Photo: ISHIKAWA Koji
Courtesy: 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa

Acropolis Museum opened in 2009.
Exposition area of ​​14,000 square meters.
It is an archaeological museum dedicated to finds from the Athenian Acropolis.

© Acropolis Museum
Photo Nikos Daniilidis

The Acropolis of Athens - ancient upper city located on a rock.
The Acropolis contains temples such as the Parthenon, the Erechtheion and the Temple of Athena Nike, and the monumental ceremonial gate the Propylaea. All of the marble buildings mentioned date back to the classical Greek period of the 5th century BC.
Their current condition owes much to reconstructions carried out since the 19th century.
The Acropolis plateau covers an area of over 3 hectares.

The Al Shindagha Museum is a heritage museum located in the historic Al Shindagha district, one of the city's oldest neighborhoods. It was developed as part of Dubai’s broader initiative to preserve its cultural heritage and showcase the emirate’s transformation over time.
History of Its Construction:
1. Origins and Restoration Efforts
- The museum is housed in restored buildings that date back to the 19th century when Al Shindagha was home to Dubai’s ruling family.
- The area was historically a center of trade and governance, with traditional wind-tower houses that were vital for cooling in the hot desert climate.
- Dubai’s government initiated large-scale restoration projects to preserve this historic district, and many of the old houses were converted into museum spaces.
2. Opening and Development
- The Al Shindagha Museum officially opened in 2019 as part of Dubai’s heritage conservation efforts.
- It was developed under the Dubai Culture & Arts Authority, in collaboration with Dubai Municipality and the Department of Tourism.
- The project aimed to create a cultural and historical hub showcasing Dubai’s history, traditions, and maritime heritage.
3. Museum Features
- The museum consists of several pavilions and exhibitions, with the main attraction being the “Dubai Creek: Birth of a City” exhibit, which tells the story of Dubai’s evolution.
- Other sections include exhibits on traditional crafts, pearl diving, trade, and Bedouin life, offering an immersive experience through multimedia displays and artifacts.
Main Buildings & Sections of Al Shindagha Museum:
1. Sheikh Saeed Al Maktoum House
- One of the most important buildings in the complex, this was the residence of Sheikh Saeed Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai from 1912 to 1958.
- It showcases historical photographs, documents, and artifacts related to Dubai’s ruling family and political history.
2. Dubai Creek: Birth of a City
- This pavilion tells the story of Dubai Creek and its role in shaping the city’s trade, economy, and development.
- It features interactive exhibits on pearl diving, maritime trade, and early settlements.
3. Perfume House
- This section highlights the traditional art of Emirati perfumery, including the significance of oud, incense (bukhoor), and essential oils in Emirati culture.
- Visitors can explore traditional perfume-making techniques and ingredients.
4. Emerging City
- Focuses on Dubai’s transformation from a small fishing and trading village to a global metropolis.
- Includes exhibits on urban planning, infrastructure, and architectural developments.
5. Traditional Crafts House
- Showcases Emirati craftsmanship, including textile weaving, pottery, and metalwork.
- Demonstrates how traditional skills have been passed down through generations.
6. Children’s Pavilion
- A dedicated space for younger visitors to engage with Emirati history and culture through interactive and educational exhibits.
7. Traditional Jewellery House
- Displays historical Emirati jewelry, showcasing intricate designs and the significance of gold, silver, and gemstones in local traditions.
8. Culture of the Sea Pavilion
- Focuses on the maritime heritage of the UAE, including pearl diving, fishing, and dhow (traditional boat) building.
9. Story of the Creek Pavilion
- Highlights the importance of Dubai Creek in trade, migration, and the city's early economic development.
The Al Shindagha Museum is situated within the Al Shindagha Historic district in Dubai, a neighborhood covering approximately 0.26 square kilometers (260,000 square meters). Within this district, the museum complex itself comprises 22 pavilions housed within over 80 historic buildings.

Albertina established in 1805.
Its collections include about 65,000 drawings and about 1 million graphics and photographs, including works by Dürer, Rembrandt, Rafael, Schiele, Cézanne, Picasso, Matisse, Klimt, and Kokoschka. Albertina Modern has been open to the public since 2020, bringing together over 60,000 works by 5,000 artists.

Alhambra a fortified palace complex originally built in 889 as a small fortress. Nasrid palaces, the final period of the flourishing of Islamic art in the Iberian Peninsula, were built in the mid-thirteenth century. The Alhambra was expanded many times, among others in the fourteenth century, sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century in the spirit of Renaissance and Mannerism, in the twentieth century numerous renovations and conservation works were carried out. The main monuments of the Alhambra include: Court of the Lions and fountain, Hall of the Ambassadors, Generalife, Palace of Charles V.
They are in the Alhambra: Museum of the Alhambra (archeological), Museum in Honor of Ángel Barrios (dedicated to the composer) and the art gallery of the city of Granada.
The Alhambra covers an area of ​​approximately 14.2 hectares.

The Altes Museum opened to the public in 1830.
It is part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin belonging to Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz.
Currently, the Altes Museum houses the Antikensammlung (Collection of Classical Antiquities) and part of the Münzkabinett.
The Antikensammlung is composed of the art of the Greeks (10th - 1st century BC), Etruscans and Romans. In addition to stone carvings and ceramics, you can see here products made of gold and precious stones.
The Münzkabinett presents over 1,300 coins (7th century BC - 3rd century AD).

Altes Museum
Am Lustgarten, Museumsinsel Berlin, Berlin-Mitte
© Staatliche Museen zu Berlin / David von Becker

The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) was founded in 1869.
The museum's collection includes over 34 million specimens of minerals, rocks, meteorites, fossils, plants, animals, human bones and artifacts.

Angkor is the largest religious monument in the world. It was mainly built in the first half of the 12th century as a royal state temple and capital of the Khmer Empire. The entire complex includes 45 facilities, including:
- Angkor Wat, which is the pinnacle of the classicist style of Khmer architecture; it is a unique combination of two plans of Khmer temple architecture, the temple-mountain and the later concentric galleries; height 65 meters; is located on an area of over 162 ha,
- Bayon,
- Bakheng,
- Bakong,
- Banteay Kdei,
- Banteay Samre,
- Banteay Srei,
- Beng Mealea,
- East Mebon,
- Kravan,
- Lolei,
- Neak Pean,
- Preah Khan,
- Preah Ko,
- Pre Rup,
- Takeo,
- Ta Prohm,
- Baphuon,
- Baksei-Chamkrong,
- Phimeanakas.
The following are based in Angkor:
- Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum,
- Ceramics Museum,
- MGC Asain Traditional Textiles Museum.

Anne Frank House opened in 1960.
Anne Frank House is a museum dedicated to Anne Frank, a young German-Dutch girl of Jewish origin, the author of a diary first published in Dutch in 1947, translated into over 70 languages, who hid with her family and four friends at the back of a 17th-century building in Amsterdam against the Nazi persecution during World War II. The museum displays memorabilia related to the life of Anne Frank and her hideout, and organizes exhibitions on various forms of discrimination and persecution.

Apartheid Museum opened in 2001.
The museum illustrates the rise and fall of apartheid and the history of South Africa in the 20th century.
The area where the Pillars of the Constitution, Journeys and 21 exhibition halls are located covers an area of 7 hectares.
The exhibitions feature film materials, photographs and artifacts supplemented with texts, including those related to Nelson Mandela.

The Archaeological Museum in Zagreb traces its origins to the National Museum that began public activity in 1846. Its archaeological department became independent over time, and since 1940 the Archaeological Museum has operated as a standalone institution. It has been housed in the Vranyczany-Hafner Palace on Zrinski Square since 1945.
The museum’s holdings include over 450,000 archaeological artefacts from various periods, mostly from Croatian territory but also significant foreign material. Major collections include:
- Prehistoric artefacts
- Egyptian collection (one of the few in the region) with about 600 objects on permanent display
- Classical Greek and Roman collections
- Medieval pieces
- Numismatic (coins and medals) collection, one of the largest in Europe
Famous objects include the Vučedol Dove, the Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis (Etruscan linen book), and the Zagreb Mummy.
The current building has been reported to have a total area of about 5 100 m² after recent renovations.

Army Museum opened in 1905.
Permanent exhibition area: 9,800 square meters, temporary exhibition: 600 square meters. Number of exhibits around 500,000.
It is divided into two parts; the first presents weapons and armor created between the 13th and 17th centuries, the second presents weapons and vehicles from World War I and II.

ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum was founded in 1859.
It has a collection of artworks ranging from the early 19th century to the present with works by artists such as Grayson Perry, Robert Mapplethorpe, Joana Vasconcelos, Bill Viola, Olafur Eliasson, Paul McCarthy, Shirin Neshat, Lucian Freud and Francis Bacon.
It has an area of 20,700 square meters.

Foto Anders Trærup

Opened in 1874, the Art Gallery of New South Wales presents Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art, Australian, Asian, Pacific and European.

The Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO) was founded in 1900.
The AGO has in its collection sculptures in bone and stone as well as Inuit drawings. Canadian art is represented mainly by 19th and 20th century landscape painters and 20th century avant-garde artists. The AGO collection includes works of art by, for example, Pieter Brueghel the Younger "Country wedding", Peter Paul Rubens "The Massacre of the Innocents", Claude Monet "Charing Cross Bridge: Fog", Edgar Degas "Woman in Bath", Renoir "Concert", Pablo Picasso "Seated Woman", Marc Chagall "Over Vitebsk", Paul Gauguin "Hina and Fatu", Andy Warhol "Elvis" and numerous sculptures by Henry Moore.
The AGO has over 90,000 exhibits in its collection, 4,000 of them are presented at exhibitions.
The AGO facilities cover an area of over 54,160 square meters.

The Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA) was established in June 1881 as the National Gallery of South Australia. It officially opened to the public that same year.
The Art Gallery of South Australia holds one of the most significant art collections in Australia, with more than 47,000 works spanning a wide range of cultures, styles, and periods. Its collection highlights include:
1. Australian Art
- Colonial to Contemporary: Paintings, sculpture, photography, and decorative arts from the early colonial period to contemporary works.
- Indigenous Art: One of the most comprehensive collections of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art, including bark paintings, dot paintings, sculpture, and contemporary Indigenous works.
2. European Art
- Works from the Renaissance to the present day.
- Key holdings include 19th-century British art, Victorian painting, and modernist European works.
3. Asian Art
- Rich holdings from East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, including:
• Chinese ceramics and jades.
• Japanese prints and textiles.
• Indian sculpture and miniature paintings.
4. Decorative Arts and Design
- Extensive collection of decorative arts including ceramics, glass, furniture, metalwork, and textiles.
- Includes Australian, European, and Asian design, from historical craftsmanship to modern design movements.
5. Contemporary Art
- Strong focus on Australian contemporary art and international contemporary artists.
- Includes installations, digital media, performance art, and cutting-edge visual works.
6. Photography and Prints
- Significant holdings of Australian and international photography and prints.
- Includes historical photographs, modernist works, and contemporary art photography.

Art Institute of Chicago founded in 1879.
The entire collection includes approximately 260,000 works of art.
The museum has a collection of European paintings, from the twelfth century to the mid-twentieth century, with distinctive paintings of impressionists and post-impressionists: Monet, Renoir, van Gogh, Cézanne, and Matisse. American painting is represented by: Wood, Hopper.

Photo: The Art Institute of Chicago. Michigan Avenue Entrance. Courtesy of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Edward Kemeys, Lions. Bronze with Green patina. Gift of Mrs. Henry Field, 1898.1a-b. The Art Institute of Chicago. The lions are the registered trademarks of the Art Institute of Chicago.

The ArtScience Museum was opened in 2011.
The ArtScience Museum presents important traveling exhibitions linking art, science, culture and technology. The exhibitions organized by the museum were devoted to the works of Leonardo da Vinci, Vincent Van Gogh, Salvador Dalí, Andy Warhol, among others, as well as elementary particle physics, robotics, palaeontology, marine biology and space exploration. Examples of other exhibitions:
- Traveling the Silk Road: Ancient Pathway to the Modern World (2011),
- Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds (2011),
- Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition (2011-2012),
- Cartier Time Art (2011-2012),
- Mummy: Secrets of the Tomb (2013),
- Dinosaurs: Dawn to Extinction (2014).
The ArtScience Museum has 21 galleries with a total area of 6,000 square meters.

Ashmolean Museum opened in 1683. The world's first university museum.
The museum's collection includes one of the most important collections of Pre-Raphaelite paintings, paintings by William Turner, John Constable, Claude Lorraine and Pablo Picasso. The archeology department boasts a collection of Greek and Minoan pottery (the largest outside Crete), artifacts from ancient Egypt and Sudan. An important place is occupied by the collections of majolica ceramics and English silverware.

The origins of the Auckland War Memorial Museum date back to 1852.
Part of the museum is the War Memorial and the surrounding Court of Honor dedicated to those who died in World War I and II.
The museum has collected 1.5 million natural specimens from the fields of palaeontology, botany, entomology, geology, terrestrial vertebrates and marine biology.
The museum houses a large collections on the history of New Zealand, the Māori culture and the cultures of the Pacific region. The collections include three complete wooden buildings, including the Hotunui, a traditional Māori meeting house from 1878 from the Thames region, and the war canoe (waka) Te Toki a Tapiri from 1830.
The Museum maintains the legacy of Edmund Hillary, the first man to reach the world's highest peak, Mount Everest, with Sherpa Tenzing Norgay.
The area of the museum is 16,000 square meters.

Australian Center for the Moving Image founded in 2002.
ACMI is a museum of digital culture, film, video games and art.



ACMI's centrepiece exhibition The Story of the Moving, photo Gareth Sobey

The Australian War Memorial opened in 1941.
The Australian War Memorial combines a sanctuary including the Memorial Hall with the Tomb of the Unknown Australian Soldier, a national military museum, and a Research Center. The Memorial also has an open-air sculpture garden.
It commemorates the victims of those Australians who died in the wars and expresses gratitude for the sacrifice of Australian soldiers.
It covers 14 hectares.

The Ayala Museum, established in 1967, is run by the Ayala Foundation Inc.
The most important collections include archaeological, ethnographic, historical, fine arts, numismatics, and ecclesiastical exhibits. The Ayala Museum has, among others, 60 dioramas depicting the history of the Philippines from cavemen to the present day and a collection of over 1,000 gold objects from the 10th to 13th centuries.
The Filipinas Heritage Library operates at the museum.

Baalbek Archaeological Site
1. Prehistoric Beginnings
- Neolithic Period (~9000 BC): Archaeological evidence suggests that Baalbek was inhabited as early as the Neolithic period. Its location in the Beqaa Valley made it ideal for early human settlement due to fertile lands and access to water.
- It likely began as a small agrarian community.
2. Canaanite and Phoenician Era
- By the 3rd millennium BC, Baalbek was a prominent religious site for the Canaanites and later the Phoenicians.
- It was dedicated to Baal, the storm and fertility god, and Astarte, the goddess of love and war. The name "Baalbek" means "Lord (Baal) of the Beqaa."
- The site was home to temples and altars built for rituals to honor these deities.
3. Hellenistic Period (4th–1st Century BC)
- After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, Baalbek fell under Hellenistic influence and was renamed Heliopolis, meaning "City of the Sun."
- Greek culture and religious practices mingled with local traditions, but Baalbek remained a significant religious center.
4. Roman Period (1st Century BC – 4th Century AD)
- Baalbek reached its zenith during Roman rule.
- Around the 1st century BC, the Romans began an ambitious construction project to build massive temples dedicated to their gods. The Temple of Jupiter: One of the largest religious structures in the Roman world. The Temple of Bacchus: A remarkably well-preserved and ornate temple. The Temple of Venus: A smaller but elegant temple.
- Baalbek became a pilgrimage site and showcased Roman engineering and architectural grandeur.
- The city was part of the Roman province of Syria and later the Byzantine Empire, continuing its religious importance.
5. Islamic Period (7th–13th Century CE)
- Baalbek fell to the Muslim armies during the 7th century CE, under the Rashidun Caliphate.
- Its religious role shifted, with some Roman temples converted into mosques or repurposed.
- Under the Umayyads, Abbasids, and later Mamluks, Baalbek retained its significance as a regional center and was fortified against invaders.
6. Medieval Period
- The Crusaders briefly occupied Baalbek during the 12th century but were unable to hold it for long.
- The city returned to Muslim control and continued to flourish under the Mamluks, who added fortifications and other structures.
7. Ottoman Period (1516–1918)
- Under Ottoman rule, Baalbek became a quieter provincial town.
- Its ruins were rediscovered by European travelers during the 18th and 19th centuries, sparking archaeological interest.
Here are the main monuments:
1. Temple of Jupiter
Dedicated to Jupiter Heliopolitanus, the chief deity of the Roman pantheon.
- This was the largest temple in the Roman world, with a massive podium and towering columns.
Originally, it had 54 columns, each standing 20 meters high and 2.2 meters in diameter. Today, only 6 columns remain standing.
- The sheer scale of this temple underscores its importance as a religious and political statement of Roman power.
2. Temple of Bacchus
Dedicated to Bacchus, the god of wine, fertility, and revelry.
- Often mistaken as the Temple of Jupiter due to its grandeur, the Temple of Bacchus is exceptionally well-preserved.
- It features richly decorated friezes and reliefs depicting vines, mythical creatures, and Roman deities.
- The temple measures approximately 69 meters in length and 36 meters in width, with 42 columns, each 19 meters tall.
3. Temple of Venus
Dedicated to Venus, the goddess of love and beauty.
- A smaller but elegantly designed temple, known for its curvilinear and circular shape, which contrasts with the more rectilinear designs of the other temples.
- The temple stands apart from the main complex and exhibits unique features of Roman decorative styles.
4. The Great Court
Served as the grand entrance to the Temple of Jupiter and a gathering space for worshipers.
- The court measures about 135 meters by 113 meters and features altars, pools, and smaller structures used for rituals.
- Its layout includes a hexagonal forecourt, surrounded by columns and flanked by staircases leading to the temples.
- 5. The Hexagonal Court
- Transitional space between the Great Court and the Temple of Jupiter.
- This court is unique in its hexagonal shape, surrounded by a colonnade.
- It was used for ceremonies and as a preparatory area for pilgrims approaching the temples.
6. Propylaea (Monumental Entrance)
The grand gateway leading into the temple complex.
- Features a wide staircase and a colonnaded structure, creating a dramatic approach to the temples.
- The Propylaea was a symbol of the grandeur and sanctity of the site.
7. Stone of the Pregnant Woman (Hajar al-Hibla)
An unfinished monolith lying in a nearby quarry.
- This is one of the largest monolithic stones ever quarried, estimated to weigh over 1,000 tons.
- Its purpose remains debated, but it is believed to have been intended for the Temple of Jupiter.
8. Other Features
- Roman Columns: Scattered across the site, these towering structures showcase the intricate craftsmanship of Roman engineers.
- Underground Passages: Likely used for rituals or as service areas for temple activities.
- Byzantine and Islamic Additions: Later modifications include a Christian basilica and Islamic fortifications.
The Baalbek archaeological site occupies a total area of approximately 5 hectares (about 12 acres).
Here are the key museums that showcase Baalbek's treasures:
1. Baalbek Museum
- Displays artifacts excavated from the site, including statues, inscriptions, reliefs, and architectural elements.
- Items date from the Phoenician, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic periods.
- Provides visitors with context about the site's history and significance.
2. National Museum of Beirut
- One of the most important museums in Lebanon, it houses a rich collection of artifacts from across the country, including items from Baalbek.
- Exhibits include Roman-era statues, mosaics, and inscriptions, many of which were discovered at Baalbek.
- The museum's collection also features sarcophagi and other items that illustrate daily life and religious practices in ancient Baalbek.
3. American University of Beirut (AUB) Archaeological Museum
- Houses a collection of artifacts from various archaeological sites in Lebanon, including Baalbek.
- Items include pottery, tools, and small objects that reflect the daily lives of Baalbek's ancient inhabitants.
4. Louvre Museum
- The Louvre has a significant collection of artifacts from the Levant, including items from Baalbek.
- Objects include reliefs, sculptures, and inscriptions brought to Europe during 19th and early 20th-century excavations.
5. British Museum
- Features a collection of items from Lebanon and the wider Levant, including materials linked to Baalbek.
- Displays include Roman sculptures, inscriptions, and other artifacts acquired during archaeological missions in the region.
6. Pergamon Museum
- Known for its collection of ancient artifacts from the Near East, it includes items related to Roman and Hellenistic Baalbek.
- Architectural fragments and reliefs may be tied to Baalbek's influence in the region.
7. Local Museums in Lebanon
- Other smaller museums in Lebanon, such as the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory (Saint Joseph University, Beirut), may also house artifacts from Baalbek or provide insights into the region’s broader archaeological context.

The Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA) was founded in 1914 when it was officially incorporated and began building its collection. Its permanent building opened to the public on April 19, 1929.
In October 2020, the BMA announced it would sell three major paintings — by Andy Warhol, Brice Marden, and Clyfford Still — from its permanent collection to raise roughly $65 million for diversity, equity, and inclusion programs as well as other institutional needs. The plan immediately sparked widespread criticism from museum professionals, donors, and community members, who argued that selling high-value works to fund general operations and equity initiatives violated museum ethics and deaccessioning norms. Many said collections should not be treated as financial assets.
Backlash included:
- Letters to Maryland officials calling for intervention.
- Artists resigning from the museum’s board.
- Two former board chairs rescinding $50 million in pledged gifts in protest.
- National media criticism of both the plan and museum leadership.
Less than 24 hours before the scheduled auction, the BMA canceled the sale in response to the firestorm of criticism — a dramatic reversal that highlighted governance tensions and ethical debates in the museum world.
Director Asma Naeem.

The historical origins of the Bangladesh National Museum is the Dacca Museum established in 1913. The Bangladesh National Museum was formally inaugurated in 1983.
The exhibitions are arranged chronologically from prehistory to the present day. The collection of gold, silver and copper coins from various periods of Bangladesh and Indian history is notable. The museum has one of the largest collections of armor and weapons in the Indian subcontinent. He is in possession of a large collection of paintings by Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin (1914-1976). One of the permanent exhibitions presents all phases of the Bengalis' struggle for political freedom, economic emancipation and cultural identity in the years 1757-1971.
The Bangladesh National Museum occupies a building with a total area of nearly 18,800 square meters.

The Bardo National Museum was established in 1882. It was officially opened to the public on May 7, 1888.
The Bardo National Museum houses one of the most significant archaeological collections in the Mediterranean region. Its collections span prehistoric, Punic, Roman, early Christian, Islamic, and modern periods of Tunisian history. Here are some highlights:
1. Roman Mosaics (Largest Collection in the World)
- The museum is famous for its extensive collection of Roman mosaics, considered one of the finest in the world.
- Notable pieces include:
• The Virgil Mosaic – Depicting the poet Virgil with the Muses.
• The Triumph of Neptune – A massive mosaic from Dougga.
• The Mosaic of the Cyclops Polyphemus – From ancient Bulla Regia.
2. Punic Artifacts (Carthaginian Heritage)
- Artifacts from ancient Carthage, including Punic sarcophagi, jewelry, amulets, and stelae from the Tophet (a sacrificial burial site).
- Objects from Punic sanctuaries and tombs.
3. Greek and Roman Sculptures
- Marble busts of Roman emperors.
- Statues of gods and goddesses from sites like Dougga, Thuburbo Majus, and Carthage.
4. Early Christian and Byzantine Collections
- Christian mosaics, sarcophagi, and objects from churches and basilicas in Tunisia.
- Byzantine-period jewelry and liturgical objects.
5. Islamic Art and Medieval Tunisia
- Manuscripts, Qur'anic texts, and calligraphy.
- Ceramics and glazed pottery from Kairouan and Mahdia.
- Wooden panels and stucco decorations from palaces and mosques.
6. Numismatic Collection (Coins)
- Coins from different periods, including Punic, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic coins.
7. Prehistoric Artifacts
- Stone tools, pottery, and artifacts from prehistoric sites in Tunisia.
According to available information, the museum holds over 8,000 exhibits.
The Bardo National Museum covers an area of approximately 20,000 square meters. The exhibition area is approximately 9,000 square meters.

Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen (Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes), also called Bayerische Schlösserverwaltung (Bavarian Palace Department), traces its historical origins to the 18th century.
Bavarian Palace Department manages:
1) palaces:
Ansbach
Aschaffenburg
Bamberg
Bayreuth
Burghausen
Cadolzburg
Chiemsee
Coburg
Dachau
Eichstätt
Ellingen
Feldafing
Herrenchiemsee
Höchstädt
Holzhausen
Kelheim
Kempten
Königssee
Kulmbach
Landshut
Linderhof
Ludwigsstadt
Munich
Neuburg
Neuschwanstein (The construction of Neuschwanstein Castle for the Bavarian King Ludwig II Wittelsbach began in 1869. The building was built in honor of the German composer Ryszard Wagner as an idealized medieval knight's castle. The architecture and interior design are marked by the romantic eclecticism of the 19th century, and the building itself is one of the most important works of historicism. After the king's death in 1886, the castle was opened to the public. Usable area of about 6,000 square meters.)
Nuremberg
Riedenburg
Schachen
Schleißheim
Veitshöchheim
Würzburg
2) gardens:
Ansbach
Aschaffenburg
Bamberg
Bayreuth
Cadolzburg
Coburg
Dachau
Eichstätt
Ellingen
Feldafing
Herrenchiemsee
Holzhausen
Linderhof
Munich
Nuremberg
Schleißheim
Veitshöchheim
Würzburg
3) fortifications, villas, theaters, opera houses, memorial sites and 21 lakes.


© Bayerische Schlösserverwaltung
www.schloesser.bayern.de
Neuschwanstein view from the Marienbrücke
Photo Martha Feustel

Beijing Museum of Natural History founded in 1951.
With 24,000 square meters, the exhibition's total area is 8,000 square meters. The collection includes paleontological specimens, invertebrates, birds and mammals, in total over 200,000 specimens.

The collection of paintings stored at Belvedere was made publicly available in 1781. Currently, art collections are presented in Lower Belvedere, Upper Belvedere and Belvedere 21. They cover works of art from the Middle Ages to the present day. The attention of visitors is attracted by the world's largest collection of Gustav Klimt's paintings.

Belvedere Palace © Lukas Schaller / Belvedere, Vienna

The Benaki Museum (Μουσείο Μπενάκη) was established in 1930. It was officially opened to the public on 22 April 1931.
The Benaki Museum is actually a complex of 10 thematic museums: Museum of Greek Culture, Pireos 138, Museum of Islamic Art, Ghika Gallery, Yannis Pappas Studio, Toy Museum, Leigh Fermor House, ‘NEMA’, Valadoros Collection, Delta House.
Major Collections
1. Greek Culture / Greek Art & Material Culture
- A panorama of the Greek world “from Prehistory to the Modern State (ca 1940)”.
- Includes:
• Prehistoric, Ancient Greek and Roman antiquities: Neolithic tools/figurines, Cycladic vases, Mycenaean jewellery & vases.
• Byzantine and post-Byzantine art: manuscripts, icons, ecclesiastical vessels, jewellery, church furnishings.
• The modern Greek period: clothing, furniture, decorative objects, national costumes from 17th-19th c onward.
- More than 40,000 items in the Greek culture collection.
2. Paintings, Drawings & Prints
- The museum holds nearly 6,000 works (European artists 17th-19th c + Greek artists 19th-20th c).
- These sit alongside material culture items, bridging “fine art” and everyday/ceremonial material.
3. Childhood, Toys & Games
- A distinctive and somewhat less typical collection: toys, games, childhood-objects from antiquity to the 1970s, from Greece and beyond.
4. Coptic Art
- Objects from the Coptic period of Egypt: textiles, metalwork, wood-carvings.
5. Chinese & Far East Art
- The museum includes a collection of Chinese works (ceramics, bronzes, decorative arts) spanning from the 3rd millennium BC to the 19th century.
6. Islamic Art
- One of its standout collections globally. More than 8,000 works covering the evolution of Islamic art (7th-19th c) from regions including Persia, Arabia, North Africa, India.
- Objects such as ceramics, metalwork, textiles, glass, weaponry and a reception-room interior from 17th-c Cairo.
The museum houses more than 100,000 objects overall.
Exhibition area: 1000 m².

The Berardo Collection Museum established in 2007, collects modern and contemporary art. Among the more than 1,000 works of art exhibited at the permanent and temporary exhibitions, you can see the works of Pablo Picasso. Salvador Dalí, Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Francis Bacon, Alexander Calder and Maria Helena Vieira da Silva.

The Berlin Wall Memorial created in 1998 commemorates the division of Berlin by Walls and the victims of the Berlin Wall. It stretches along 1.4 kilometers of the former border strip between Berlin (the capital of the DDR) and West Berlin. Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The Wall Memorial includes: the outdoor memorial site with the last piece of the Berlin Wall, Documentation center, Chapel of Reconciliation, memorial window and Visitor Service Center,

Blenheim Palace was built between 1705 and 1722 in the English Baroque style. It is the seat of the Dukes of Marlborough. It combines the functions of a family home, a mausoleum and a national monument.
Blenheim Palace has 187 rooms that cover an area of 28,000 square meters. Blenheim Palace is home to The Palace State Rooms, Sir Winston Churchill Exhibition, among others. The Blenheim Art Foundation (BAF) is located at Blenheim Palace, organizing exhibitions of contemporary art.
Blenheim Palace is surrounded by formal gardens and landscaped parkland covering over 800 hectares in total.

The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford was officially established in 1602 by Sir Thomas Bodley. The library opened to the public on November 8, 1602.
The Bodleian Library is one of the most significant libraries in the world, with extensive collections spanning various subjects. Some of its most notable collections include:
1. Manuscripts and Rare Books
- Medieval Manuscripts – Includes illuminated manuscripts, such as the Ashmole Bestiary and The Book of Hours.
- Gutenberg Bible – One of the earliest books printed with movable type.
- Shakespeare’s First Folio (1623) – A rare edition of Shakespeare’s collected plays.
- Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts – Including the Lindisfarne Gospels and Red Book of Hergest.
2. Maps and Cartography
- Gough Map (c. 1360) – One of the earliest detailed maps of Britain.
- Selden Map of China (17th century) – A rare Chinese maritime trade map.
3. Personal Papers and Archives
- J.R.R. Tolkien’s Papers – Including drafts and illustrations for „The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit”.
- C.S. Lewis Collection – Personal writings of the author of „The Chronicles of Narnia”.
- Mary Shelley’s „Frankenstein” – Original handwritten manuscript.
- Letters and Diaries of British Prime Ministers – Including papers from Winston Churchill.
4. Eastern and Non-Western Collections
- Islamic Manuscripts – Including Persian, Arabic, and Ottoman texts.
- Chinese, Japanese, and Sanskrit Texts – Rare books from across Asia.
- Hebrew Manuscripts – Important Jewish texts, including biblical and Talmudic works.
5. Scientific and Medical Collections
- Codex Mendoza – A 16th-century Aztec codex detailing the history and culture of the Aztec Empire.
- John Dee’s Collection – Works of the famous Elizabethan alchemist and astrologer.
- Robert Hooke’s Micrographia – A groundbreaking 1665 book on early microscopy.
6. Modern and Digital Archives
- Literary Archives – Includes modern authors such as Philip Pullman.
- Oxford University Archives – Documents related to the history of the university.
- Digitized Collections – Many manuscripts and books are available online through projects like Digital Bodleian.
The Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford collectively hold over 13 million printed items. Additionally, they house more than one million special collection items, including manuscripts, archives, and rare books.
The Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford encompass multiple buildings with a combined gross internal floor area of approximately 42,774 square meters as of the 2020–2021 period. Additionally, the Book Storage Facility (BSF) in Swindon, designed to house lower-usage items from the libraries' collections, offers around 10,000 square meters of warehouse space, complemented by 1,000 square meters of ancillary office and processing areas. Therefore, the combined area of the Bodleian Libraries' main buildings and the BSF is approximately 53,774 square meters.
The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford features several exhibition spaces, primarily within the Weston Library. The main public area, Blackwell Hall, serves as the central hub for visitors, offering access to exhibitions, a café, and a gift shop. While the exact total exhibition area isn't specified in the available sources, the Weston Library includes a hall measuring 854 square meters, which is utilized for various events, including exhibitions. Additionally, the Old Schools Quadrangle, part of the historic Bodleian complex, houses spaces that have been repurposed for exhibitions and other public functions.

The building of the Borneo Cultures Museum (BCM) is the biggest development project in the history of the Sarawak Museum since it was established in 1891. The BCM, opened in 2022 is the first museum in Malaysia to be certified as a Green Building under the Green Building Index (GBI). The five-storey building consists of climate controlled permanent and temporary exhibitions spaces, Children's Gallery, function room, auditorium, restaurant, and a souvenir shop.
There is also an Arts and Crafts Gallery which includes activity labs and a dance studio. In the theme-based permanent exhibitions, the BCM offers immersive and interactive experiences for visitors using audio-visual technology and interactive displays. The usage of modern technology in the BCM enhances the artefacts display and supports the storyline of the exhibition.
The thematic galleries at the BCM are as follows:
At Level 2, the Children’s Gallery offers a distinct experience that is specifically targeted to primary school children. In the ‘Love Our Rivers’ gallery, children go on an adventure with the River Guardians to learn about the rivers of Sarawak and how to keep them clean.
At Level 3, in the ‘In Harmony with Nature’ gallery, visitors encounter the cultures of the people who live in the coastal, rainforest and highland regions of Sarawak. Visitors can listen to stories, see zoological specimens and immerse themselves in the rich biodiverse environments.
At Level 4, in the ‘Time Changes’ gallery, visitors travel through time to explore the development and evolution of human settlements in Sarawak since the Paleolithic period. This level features archaeological and historical artefacts, and covers the significant events that shaped the history of Sarawak.
At Level 5, the ‘Objects of Desire’ gallery showcases the beauty of the artefacts. The gallery features the best examples of material culture from the collections of the Sarawak Museum. This gallery allows visitors to explore the uniqueness and value of these objects to the local communities of Sarawak.

The Center for Fine Arts, opened in 1928, has been using the name BOZAR since 2002.
It includes exhibition and conference rooms, a cinema and a concert hall. In total, it covers an area of 33,000 square meters.
BOZAR organizes up to 10 exhibitions per year.

The British Museum was founded in 1753. The British Museum has over 8 million exhibits, including 80,000 on exhibitions. The collection consists primarily of monuments of ancient history. The collections are presented in nine sections:
Ancient Egypt and Sudan,
Ancient Greece and Rome,
Near East,
Asia,
Africa, Oceania and both Americas,
Great Britain, prehistory and Europe,
Drawing and graphics,
Coins and medals,
Conservation and scientific research.
The most important monuments of the British Museum include:
Rosetta Stone,
carvings from the ancient city of Nineveh,
Letters from Amarna,
royal tombs from Ur,
marbles from the Athenian Parthenon,
one of six caryatids from Erechtheion,
Cyrus cylinder,
reliefs from Nineveh,
sketches of Michelangelo, Rafael, Leonardo da Vinci.

The Buckingham Palace was originally built in 1703 for the Duke of Buckingham, later extended many times. Since 1837, it has been the official London residence of the British monarch.
Length 108 meters, width 120 meters, height 24 meters. Area of 77,000 square meters. Number of rooms 775.
The palace interiors have a 50-meter long Picture Gallery with paintings by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer. In the corner of the palace there is the Queen's Gallery with old masters' paintings, valuable furniture, decorative art, and representative examples of photographs. Historical royal carriages are located next to the gallery in the Royal Mews.
The palace is surrounded by a 17 hectare garden and park.

Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023, photo Andrew Holt

The Bytown Museum was established in 1917, founded by the Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Ottawa, initially known as the Bytown Historical Museum.
The Bytown Museum offers a rich array of collections and exhibitions that delve into the city’s birth and development—from its Indigenous roots to modern-day Ottawa:
- Permanent Collection (‘Where Ottawa Begins’)
Explores the Ottawa Valley’s early history—from the Anishinàbe Algonquin First Peoples and the founding of Bytown—through the construction of the Rideau Canal and its wild lumberjack era. Continues through the Victorian era, the burning of the Parliament Buildings, and Canada’s involvement in international conflicts. Notable treasures include a cast of Thomas D’Arcy McGee’s death hand, canal-era stone vault doors, historic lithographs and engravings (e.g., 1859 “City of Ottawa” lithograph), and artifacts related to Indigenous and settler life.
- Temporary & Community Galleries
Feature rotating exhibitions on local, regional, and social history: recent examples include health-care evolution (e.g., Capital Healers).
- Digital ‘Stories from the Collection’
A cutting-edge digitization initiative with Carleton Immersive Media Studio, offering 3D-modelled artifacts drawn from storage and galleries. The collection spans Indigenous artifacts, industrial tools, women’s stories, wartime and peacetime life.
- Extra Highlights
A kids’ zone titled ‘A Day in My Life’, located in the community gallery, brings history to life for younger audiences.
The Bytown Museum holds an impressive collection of nearly 15,000 artifacts.

The California Academy of Sciences traces its history from 1853.
The museum is accompanied by a planetarium, rainforest and aquarium - coral reef, tides and marsh habitats. The museum holds 46 million specimens. The exhibitions show, among others, the skeleton of Tyrannosaurus Rex, the albino American alligator, the albino reticulated python, and the Foucault pendulum.
The main building covers an area of 37,000 square meters.

© California Academy of Sciences

California Science Center founded in 1951 as the California Museum of Science and Industry. Current permanent exhibitions: Ecosystems, Creative World, World of Life, Space exhibits, Aircraft, Robotic spacecraft.

Calouste Gulbenkian Museum opened in 1969. The founder of the museum, as well as the Centro de Arte Moderna (CAM) and the Gulbenkian Art Library, is the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
The collection includes works of art from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome, Islamic art, Chinese art, Japanese art, Armenian art as well as 18th-century French decorative art, René Lalique jewelry and works by European masters such as Rembrandt, Hals, Ruisdael, Rubens, Fragonard, Boucher, Rodin, Monet, Renoir, Manet, Degas, Gainsborough, Turner.
The collection includes 6,000 works of art, of which over one thousand are on permanent exhibitions.

Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon. Photo: © Ricardo Oliveira Alves

The Canadian Museum of History welcomes over 1.2 million visitors each year to its celebrated complex in the heart of the National Capital Region, making it one of the country's most-visited museum. With roots stretching back to 1856, it is one of Canada's oldest public institutions and a respected centre of museological excellence, sharing its expertise in history, archaeology, ethnology and cultural studies both within Canada and abroad. The National Collection consists of more than four million artifacts, specimens, works of art, written documents, and sound and visual recordings.
In addition to its ongoing exhibitions, including the spectacular Grand Hall, the First Peoples Hall, and the Canadian History Hall that provides a stunning showcase for more than 1,500 artifacts, including many of Canada's important historical treasures, each year the Museum presents a number of outstanding exhibitions focusing on Canadian and world history and civilizations. The Museum is also home to the Canadian Children's Museum.

The origins of the Canadian War Museum date back to 1880, but was formally established in 1942.
It functions as both a museum of Canadian military history and a memorial site. It is designed to emphasize the human experience of war. For the public it offers: Canadian Experience galleries, LeBreton Gallery, Memorial Hall, Regeneration Hall, Royal Canadian Legion Hall of Honor.
Its collections include, among others: weapons, rare vehicles, uniforms, medals, art, documents, maps, sound and visual recordings, e.g. Mercedes-Benz car that belonged to Adolf Hitler, Chieftain and Mk III Valentine tanks, CF-101 Voodoo fighter. The entire collection includes over 3 million artifacts.
The museum building covers an area of 440,000 square meters.

Canterbury Museum was established in 1867. It officially opened to the public on 3 December 1870.
Some key collections include:
1. Māori and Pacific Collections
- Taonga (treasures) from Ngāi Tahu and other iwi (tribes)
- Waka (canoes), korowai (cloaks), and whakairo (carvings)
- Artifacts from various Pacific cultures
2. Antarctic Exploration
- Items from the expeditions of Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton
- Equipment, clothing, and documents from early Antarctic explorers
3. Natural History
- New Zealand’s unique flora and fauna, including moa skeletons
- Geological specimens, fossils, and minerals
4. Early Canterbury and Colonial History
- Artifacts from European settlers, including furniture, clothing, and tools
- Early photography collections and paintings
5. Asian and Egyptian Collections
- Chinese and Japanese artifacts, including ceramics and textiles
- A small but significant Egyptian collection, including a mummy
6. Costume and Textile Collection
- Historic clothing, including 19th and 20th-century fashion
- Wedding dresses, military uniforms, and accessories
7. Decorative Arts and Social History
- Ceramics, glassware, and furniture from different time periods
- Items reflecting daily life in New Zealand’s history
8. Military History
- New Zealand’s involvement in World War I and II
- Medals, weapons, and personal belongings of soldiers
9. Transport and Technology
- Vintage bicycles, cars, and other forms of transport
- Scientific instruments and early communication devices
10. Archive and Manuscript Collections
- Maps, letters, and documents related to Canterbury’s history
- Photographs and oral histories
As of 2020, museum housed over 2 million objects in its collection.
The museum encompassed approximately 6,500 square meters of floor space. The museum is currently undergoing a significant redevelopment, which includes plans for 6,500 square meters of new exhibition and display space, increasing the total exhibition area by 50%. Upon completion, the museum will feature a total of approximately 9,750 square meters dedicated to exhibitions.

The Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the oldest and largest museums in the country and in Central Asia, with a collection of around 300,000 artifacts that illustrate Kazakhstan’s history from prehistoric times to the present day.
The museum was formally established in 1931 and originally housed in the former cathedral in Almaty. In 1985 it moved to its modern purpose-built building, known for its distinctive architecture.
Exhibits include paleontological finds, archaeological treasures (including ancient gold artifacts), ethnographic displays of traditional Kazakh life, historical documents and photographs, and galleries on modern Kazakhstan.

Center Pompidou opened in 1977.
The Center Pompidou houses one of the world's most important collections of modern and contemporary art. There are also large temporary exhibition galleries and a library.

Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, São Paulo opened in 2001. It covers an area of 4 183 square meters.
Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, São Paulo does not have its own collection. The CCBB program, São Paulo is prepared annually and begins with the process of registering projects via the Internet. Anyone can submit their project, Project registration is done by filling out a comprehensive electronic form. The registration period is usually from April to May. After the registration phase, the projects are examined by CCBB analysts who receive guidance from management on the marketing strategies for the current year.

Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro opened in 1989. It covers an area of ​​15 046 square meters.
Museu Banco do Brasil, created in 1955, has a historical collection, which includes, among others, numismatic items and documents. In the museum you can see original interiors with period furniture, for example, the presidential room. An interesting feature of the museum is the pneumatic installation, which, using compressed air, uses a system of underground pipes to quickly transport documents inserted into small metal containers.

Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, Brasília opened in 2000. It covers an area of ​​7,000 square meters.
Museu Banco do Brasil has in its collection works of artists from the first half of the 20th century, such as Bruno Giorgi, Candido Portinari, Emiliano Di Cavalcanti.

Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil Belo Horizonte (CCBB BH) was opened in 2013.
It has, among others, 6 exhibition rooms, an educational program room, a multimedia room, and a cultural goods warehouse.
It has an area of 12,000 square meters.

Foto Vagner Costa

Changdeokgung Palace was built between 1405 and 1412 during the reign of King Taejong, the third king of the Joseon dynasty, as the second royal palace after Gyeongbokgung (the main palace of the dynasty), currently the National Palace Museum of Korea. In 1592, during the Japanese invasion of Korea (Imjin War), it was burned down. The reconstruction of the palace began only in 1609 during the reign of King Seonjo, and was completed during the reign of his successor, King Gwanghaegun. Later, Changdeokgung was destroyed and rebuilt several times, especially in the 18th century. In 1910, after the annexation of Korea by Japan, the palace was taken over by the Japanese authorities and part of it was destroyed. During the Japanese occupation (1910–1945), many palace buildings were demolished or transformed. After Korea regained independence, Changdeokgung underwent numerous restoration works.
Changdeokgung Palace was built in the traditional Korean architectural style that is characteristic of the Joseon Dynasty period (1392–1897). This style of architecture emphasizes harmony with the surrounding nature and introduces elements of Confucianism, which played a key role in Korean society and culture during this period. These are the main features of the style in which Changdeokgung was built:
1. Harmony with the surroundings - Changdeokgung was built in a way that aimed to integrate the building with the natural landscape, in accordance with the principles of geomancy (feng shui). The palace did not disturb the natural terrain, which is visible in its asymmetric layout. The palace area was incorporated into hills and valleys, preserving the natural shape of the land.
2. Asymmetrical layout - unlike the symmetrical palaces in China or Japan, Changdeokgung has a more organic, asymmetrical layout due to its harmony with the surrounding nature. The buildings are arranged in accordance with the natural terrain, which gives a sense of spaciousness and naturalness.
3. Simple yet elegant architecture - Changdeokgung's architecture is characterized by simplicity and minimalism, which is in line with Confucian values. Wooden structures, tiled roofs and decorative details are carefully designed to be aesthetically pleasing but not overdone. The roofs of the buildings have characteristic, slightly bent ends, which is typical of traditional buildings in Korea.
4. The beauty of details - the palace is richly decorated with details, such as painted wooden beams (so-called dancheong), which are covered with colorful geometric and floral patterns. Dancheong has both a decorative and protective function, protecting the wood from harmful weather conditions.
5. Huwon Garden (Secret Garden) - also known as the Complex Garden, is an integral part of the palace complex and a perfect example of striving for harmony with nature. The garden includes picturesque ponds, pavilions, pagodas and bridges that have been designed to be fully integrated with the natural landscape.
6. Building material - the primary material used for construction is wood, and the buildings have traditional roofs covered with clay tiles. Many of the palace's buildings, including the most important halls, are built of wooden frames and have open spaces, which allows for natural ventilation of the rooms.
Changdeokgung Palace consists of many buildings with different functions that played key roles in the life of the royal court of the Joseon Dynasty. These are the main buildings of Changdeokgung Palace:
1. Injeongjeon (Throne Room)
2. Seonjeongjeon (Board Hall)
3. Huijeongdang (King's Personal Hall)
4. Daejojeon (Queen's Chamber)
5. Nakseonjae (King Heonjong's private residence built in the 19th century)
7. Donhwamun (Main Gate)
8. Juhamnu (Royal Library Pavilion)
Changdeokgung Palace does not have a permanent museum collection, it is mainly a royal residence and a historical monument. Nevertheless, there are valuable monuments, artifacts and collections related to Korean history and the Joseon dynasty, which can be seen as part of temporary exhibitions or special events.
Here are some of the resources and collections related to Changdeokgung:
1. Architectural monuments and decorations
- Dancheong: The colorful paintings on the wooden palace structures are some of the most beautiful examples of traditional decoration in Korean architecture. These decorations, which are an important element of cultural heritage, decorate the beams, ceilings and roofs of the palace buildings.
- Pavilions and Bridges: Located in the palace gardens (Huwon), pavilions such as Buyongjeong, Juhamnu, and stone bridges are valuable examples of Korean architecture and are considered national heritage.
2. Collections related to the Joseon dynasty
- Royal clothing (hanbok): Traditional royal clothing, including the ceremonial robes of the king, queen and members of the royal family.
- Royal furniture: Original wooden furniture used by rulers, such as desks, chairs, beds and other elements of palace interior design.
- Musical Instruments: Traditional instruments that were used in court ceremonies and celebrations, such as drums, gongs, and other stringed and percussion instruments.
3. Manuscripts and historical documents
- Administrative books: Documents describing the daily functioning of the royal court, as well as important political decisions.
- Royal Letters and Records: Documents containing correspondence between members of the royal family or records of kings.
4. Royal arts and crafts
- Ceramics and Porcelain: Ceramics that were used at court, including Korean celadon and white porcelain.
- Painting and calligraphy: Traditional court paintings, often depicting landscapes, plants and scenes from court life, are presented in temporary exhibitions.
Changdeokgung Palace covers an area of approximately 58 hectares, of which Huwon Garden covers approximately 32 hectares.

Château de Chambord built between 1519 and 1547 in the style of the French Renaissance for the French King Francis I.
The largest of the castles in the Loire Valley. It is built on a rectangular plan, in the corners of which there are towers, each 20 meters in diameter, and it is surrounded by a moat. The facade is 156 meters long. Height 56 meters. The castle has 440 rooms, 84 staircases (14 main and 70 smaller ones) and 282 fireplaces.
Several rooms in the castle are used as the Musée du comte de Chambord (Henri d'Artois 1820-1883).

The Palace of Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal castles. The beginnings of the castle date back to the 12th century, rebuilt many times since the 16th century. The dominant styles are the late French Renaissance and the French version of Northern Mannerism.
The School of Fontainebleau (École de Fontainebleau) was active in the arrangement and furnishing of the palace in the years ca. 1530 - ca. 1610.
Total area of 45,000 square meters spread over 11 levels. Total rooms 1500.
Main interiors:
- Gallery of Francis I
- Ballroom
- Chapel of the Trinity
- Stairway of the King
- Queen's bedroom
- Boudoir of Marie-Antoinette
- Throne Room of Napoleon
- Gallery of Diana
- Apartments of Napoleon
- Theatre
- Chinese Museum
Main courtyards (all courtyards cover 28,000 square meters):
- Court of the White Horse
- Oval Court
- Court of the Fountain
The parks and gardens of Fontainebleau include:
- Garden of Diana
- English garden
- Pine Garden Cave
- Fountain de Bliaud
- Parterre and canal
- Carp pond
The entire park complex covers 130 hectares.
The palace became a national museum in 1927.
More than 300,000 works in collections.
The Museum of Napoleon I was established in the palace in 1986.

Created in April 2016 on the initiative of the French contemporary art collector Philippe Méaille, the Château de Montsoreau - Museum of contemporary art is a radical, committed, living place.
Its permanent collection is the world's largest collection of works from the Art & Language movement.
It is located two hours from Paris, in the Loire Valley World Heritage of Unesco.
Innovative, experimental and unexpected, the cultural program of the Château de Montsoreau - Museum of contemporary art is organized around temporary exhibitions, events, meetings, concerts and performances.

In 1682, the palace of Versailles became the official residence of the King of France. Inside the palace are the Mirror Hall and the Royal Opera. The palace covers an area of ​​67,000 square meters. Around the palace is a park covering an area of ​​815 hectares. Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon are located in the park.

Chengdu Museum was founded in 1958.
The total exhibition area covers almost 20,000 square meters.
The entire collection includes nearly 200,000 exhibits and are representative of the Chengdu region from the Neolithic period to the Republic of China. Museum collections include bronze from the pre-Qin period, gold and silver; porcelain and silk of the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties; graves and treasures of the Ming and Qing dynasties; Dojo paintings, shadows, dolls.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (CSMVS) opened to the public in 1922.
The museum houses over 50,000 artifacts from India, China, Japan and Europe.
The museum documents the history of India from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum houses artifacts of the Indus Valley civilization and other relics from ancient India from the times of the Gupta, Maury, Chalukyas and Rashtrakuta; paintings of the major Indian schools of Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari and Deccani; manuscripts from all over the last millennium; arts and crafts of ivory, jade, silver and gold.

Chichen Itza is an ancient Maya and Toltec Mesoamerican city. The main monuments are: Temple of Kukulcan, Temple of the Warriors, Great Ball Court, Sacred Cenote. Managed by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) - National Institute of Anthropology and History.

The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, founded in 1925, is the world's largest children's museum.
The museum's collections are divided into:
- Natural Science Collection - fossils, bones of Ice Age animals and animals living today
- World Cultures Collection - items from all continents, many eras and a great variety of cultures
- Arts and Humanities Collections - American culture from the 18th century to the present day
- National Art Museum of Sport - famous athletes and moments in the history of sport presented in the works of artists
More than 130,000 number of artifacts and specimens.
The museum covers an area of 43,934 square meters.

Photo: The Children's Museum of Indianapolis

China Art Museum was founded in 1956 as the Shanghai Art Museum.
The museum mainly collects Chinese contemporary art.
It has around 14,000 works of art in its collections.

The China Aviation Museum was established in 1989.
The China Aviation Museum in Beijing hosts one of the world’s most extensive aviation collections, curated across three major exhibition areas: the Cavern Exhibition Hall, the Integrated (Masterpiece) Hall, and the Open‑Air Exhibition Area. The museum boasts over 200–300 aircraft, plus a vast array of missiles, radars, engines, artifacts, and archival items.
1. Cavern Exhibition Hall
- Set in a former underground bunker carved into Datangshan Mountain (~586 m long).
- Features a historical display of aviation development from early flight to modern jets.
- Highlights include early Chinese prototypes like the Feng Ru II, Beijing‑1, and Soviet-era types (e.g. La‑9, La‑11, Tu‑2, Yak‑17) alongside models from global aviation.
2. Integrated Hall
- A two-floor building showcasing aviation milestones and key figures from the PLA Air Force.
- Displays include historic fighter planes and tribute installations to military aviation heroes.
3. Open‑Air Exhibition Area
- Outdoor display spanning around 40,000 m², showcasing civilian and military aircraft, air defense systems, and radar installations.
- Noteworthy exhibits:
• Mao Zedong’s personal Ilyushin Il‑14 VIP transport—visible both inside and out.
• Historic aircraft: C‑46, Li‑2, Trident, Y‑7, Airbus A310‑200, and more.
• Weaponry exhibits: surface‑to‑air missiles (e.g., Chinese HQ‑2), anti‑aircraft guns, bombs, parachutes, cameras.
Additional Highlights
- Global selection of over 200 military aircraft from countries like the U.S., Soviet Union, Japan, and the Czech Republic.
- Unique machines: early models like the Mosquito bomber, P‑51 Mustang, P‑61 Black Widow, MiG‑15/17/23, Shenyang J series, and rare drones like the Lockheed D‑21.
- Also houses aircraft engines (both piston and jet), avionics equipment, flight gear, engine cut‑aways, and scientific exhibits including wind tunnels and educational materials.
- Over 2,468 missiles/radars, 10,000 aviation relics, 20,000+ technical documents, and over 1,000 international gifts.

China Science and Technology Museum founded in 1988. Area: 48,000 square meters.
It presents popular science exhibitions, Astro-vision film screenings, training-based educational programs and experimental-based exhibition programs.
Topics: Glories of China and Science Paradise, Exploration and Discovery, Sci-tech and Life and The Challenges and the Future.

Chongqing Museum of Natural History founded in 1944, initially under the name Western Museum of China.
Currently it covers an area of ​​30 842 square meters, of which the exhibition occupies 16 252 square meters.
It has a collection of approximately 70,000 specimens including minerals, paleontology, plants, animals, and Stone Age exhibits. Among the most valuable exhibits are the skeletons of the dinosaur Omeisaurus Zigongensis and the stegosaurus Tuojiang. Permanent exhibitions: Animal Planet, Dinosaur World, Landscape Metropolis, Earth Mystery, Life Stream, Ecological Homeland.

Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie was officially opened in 1986.
It covers an area of ​​150,000 square meters.
Specializes in the dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge. It consists of, among others, Explora, planetarium, and IMAX cinema. The museum also has an Argonaute submarine from 1958.
Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie combined with Palais de la Découverte (2010) in the Universcience (EPIC status).

The City of Prague Museum officially opened to the public in 1883.
The collection is dedicated to the history of the city of Prague. The museum has 14 branches located throughout the city.

The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) opened to the public in 1916.
The CMA collections include art collections from all eras and from all parts of the world. The collections of Asian and Ancient Egyptian art stand out.
In its collection, CMA has works by, among others, Sandro Botticelli, Caravaggio, El Greco, Peter Paul Rubens, Francisco de Goya, William Turner, Arnold Böcklin, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Auguste Rodin, Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, Salvador Dalí, George Bellows, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock,
CMA's collection includes over 61,000 works of art.

Cologne Cathedral Roman Catholic erected in the Gothic style. Built in 1248-1473 and 1842-1880. Length 144.58 meters, width 86.25 meters, height 157.38 meters. It holds, among others, the Shrine of the Three Kings from around 1180-1225 and the Crucifix of Bishop Gero from around 970.

Copán was founded as a Maya settlement around the 9th century BC, but it rose to prominence as a major city during the Classic Period of Maya civilization.
The dynastic history of Copán officially begins in AD 426, when K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’ established the ruling dynasty, likely with influence from the more powerful Maya city of Tikal. This marked the start of Copán's most significant political and cultural era, lasting until the early 9th century AD, when the city began to decline.
Below are the main monuments and features of the site:
1. Acropolis
- A massive complex of temples, plazas, tombs, and altars.
- Divided into two main areas:
• West Court: Associated with ancestor worship and rituals.
• East Court: Likely used for royal residences and political functions.
- Includes several pyramidal temples, many of which served as burial sites for rulers.
2. Temple 26 ("Hieroglyphic Stairway Temple")
- Most famous monument at Copán.
- Features the longest known Maya hieroglyphic inscription (63 steps, 2,000+ glyphs).
- Commemorates the history of Copán’s dynasty, especially K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’ and his successors.
- Commissioned and expanded by Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil (18 Rabbit).
3. Ball Court
- One of the largest and best-preserved Maya ball courts.
- Flanked by large macaw-shaped markers (macaws were sacred to the Copán dynasty).
- The ballgame was both sport and ritual, often connected to cosmology and elite politics.
4. Great Plaza
- An open ceremonial space showcasing stelae and altars.
- Many of these stelae depict Copán’s rulers, especially Stela A, B, C, D, F, H, and J.
- These monuments show intricate details of kings' dress, symbols of power, and inscriptions.
5. Stelae and Altars
- Copán is famous for its elaborately carved stelae, often paired with round or square altars.
- Many stelae date from the reign of 18 Rabbit, who elevated Copán's sculptural art to its peak.
- The altars sometimes represent cosmological concepts (e.g. world trees, directional stones).
6. Temple 11
- Believed to be a portal between worlds, connecting the earthly realm to the underworld and heavens.
- Associated with the last known ruler, Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat.
7. Temple 16 ("Temple of the Inscriptions")
- Built over the tomb of K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’, the dynastic founder.
- Known for its layered construction—several temples were built atop one another over time.
8. Sculpture Museum
- Located at the site, it houses original sculptures removed from the ruins for preservation.
- Includes a full-scale reconstruction of the Rosalila Temple, a brilliantly colored, early temple buried intact under Temple 16.
9. Residential and Administrative Zones
- The Las Sepulturas complex, just outside the core, reveals elite residences, craft workshops, and administrative buildings.
- Helps archaeologists understand daily life, economics, and urban planning.
The Copán archaeological site covered a total area of approximately 24.6 square kilometers at its peak during the Classic Period (ca. 400–800 CE).
Several museums in Honduras and internationally preserve and exhibit monuments, artifacts, and sculptures from Copán, offering key insights into Maya civilization. Here are the most important ones:
1. Museums in Honduras
- Museo de la Escultura Maya (Museum of Maya Sculpture)
- Museo Regional de Arqueología Maya
2. International Museums with Copán Artifacts
- Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- National Museum of the American Indian (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, D.C., USA
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, USA
- Museo de América, Madrid, Spain

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art opened in 2011.
The founding donor of the museum is the Walton Family Foundation.
The museum's permanent collection covers American art from the colonial era to the present day. The collection includes paintings by Charles Willson Peale, Asher Durand, Thomas Eakins, Gilbert Stuart, Mary Cassatt, Benjamin West, Norman Rockwell, Agnes Pelton, John Singer Sargent, Jasper Johns, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Mark Rothko, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper and sculptures by Vanessa German, Roxy Paine, James Turrell.
The museum buildings, covering an area of 20,200 square meters, are located in the almost 50-hectare park of the museum.
In 2014, the museum acquired and reconstructed the Bachman–Wilson House by architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
In downtown Bentonville, a satellite multidisciplinary contemporary art space dubbed The Momentary opened in 2020.

The Danar Hadi Batik Museum, also known as the House of Danar Hadi (HDH), was founded in 2008.
Next to the HDH is the Danar Hadi Ancient Batik Museum (Museum Batik Kuno Danar Hadi), opened in 2002, which stores at least 10,000 pieces of batik clothes and is one of the largest batik collections in Indonesia. About 1,000 batiks are on permanent exhibition. They come from different regions throughout Indonesia and from different cultural influences and periods (from the 18th century to the present day), such as Chinese, Indian, Dutch, as well as from different regions throughout Indonesia.

The origins of the museum date back to 1893, and since 1922 the museum has been operating under the name Denver Art Museum (DAM).
Collections:
- Architecture and Design
- Arts of Africa
- Arts of Asia
- Arts of Oceania
- Arts of the Ancient Americas
- European and American Art before 1900
- Indigenous Arts of North America
- Latin American Art
- Modern and Contemporary Art
- Photography
- Textile Arts and Fashion
- Western American Art
The Buildings:
- Lanny & Sharon Martin Building (19.509 square meters)
- Frederic C. Hamilton Building (13.563 square meters)
- Bannock Administration Building (4.645 square meters)
DAM has over 70,000 works of art.

Denver Museum of Nature & Science opened to the public in 1908.
Museum collections gather exhibits in the fields of geology, palaeontology, zoology, anthropology, health sciences, and space sciences. The museum is richly equipped with dioramas. It also has a collection of crystallized gold and a full-size replica of the Mars exploration rover, among others.
The Denver Museum of Nature & Science is in possession of 4.3 million artifacts and specimens, of which 2 percent can be seen at permanent exhibitions.

Diocesanmuseum St. Afra was opened in 2000.
Located just behind the Cathedral the Diocesanmuseum St. Afra presents sacred art from 17 centuries. In these partly historical partly newly created rooms the exciting and eventful history of church and art in and around Augsburg comes alive.
The Museum holds an extensive collection of Baroque Augsburg goldsmith's work from liturgical equipment and reliquaries. The most beautiful of which are permanently on display in the exhibition. Special works, such as the textiles from the 10th century, the cathedral's Ottonian bronze portal or the funeral weapons of Emperor Charles V, are unique in their form.

The Edinburgh Castle built from the 11th to the 21st century.
Its most important places include:
- St. Margaret's Chapel from the beginning of the 12th century,
- Royal Palace (15th-17th century), where the Honors of Scotland: the crown, the scepter and the sword of state are kept,
- Great Hall (16th-20th centuries),
- Queen Anne Building (18th-20th centuries),
- Scottish National War Memorial commemorating Scottish soldiers who died in the armed conflicts of the 20th century,
- National War Museum of Scotland, presenting the last 400 years of Scotland's military history,
- Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Museum,
- Regimental Museum of the Royal Scots.

Egyptian Museum in Cairo (EMC) opened in 1902.
It owns the largest collection of pharaoh antiques in the world and is also the oldest archaeological museum in the Middle East.
The exhibits date from the predynastic period to the Greco-Roman era (ca. 5500 BC - 364 AD).
Total artifacts over 170,000.
It covers an area of over 15,000 square meters.

The Eiffel Tower built in two years by Gustave Eiffel for the World Exhibition in 1889.
It is a wrought iron truss tower.
The height of 330 meters. At the base, on a square plan with a side of 125 meters. The tallest building in the world from its inception to 1930.
On the third floor platform you can see a reconstruction of the wax museum type, showing Gustave Eiffel receiving Thomas Edison.

Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum site Museum was opened in 2009.
The mausoleum of the First Emperor Qinshihuang was built from 246 to 208 BC. The mausoleum is not fully exposed yet, and archaeological work is ongoing there. In the course of works carried out since 1974, among others, the Terracotta Army was discovered.
It covers an area of 56,25 square kilometers.

Ephesus city founded in the 10th century BC. It flourished in ancient Greece and Rome. After which it was destroyed several times and finally abandoned in the 15th century AD. There are ruins in Ephesus, including:
- Temple of Artemis completed around 550 BC, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
- a theater built in the 3rd century BC with approximately 25,000 seats
- Celsus Library commissioned in AD 110 with approximately 12,000 scrolls
- Temple of Hadrian from the 2nd century AD
- a complex of terraced houses with frescoes from the 1st - 4th centuries AD
Ephesus covers an area of 662.62 hectares.
Finds from ancient Ephesus are exhibited in:
- Ephesus Archaeological Museum in Selçuk
- Ephesus Museum in Selçuk
- İstanbul Archeology Museums
- Ephesus Museum, Vienna
- British Museum

Etihad Museum is a cultural landmark in Dubai that tells the story of the founding of the United Arab Emirates in 1971. Located near the historic Union House, the museum offers interactive exhibits and archival materials showcasing the events that led to the unification of the nation.

The Eye Filmmuseum was established in 2010, its origins date back to 1946.
The Eye Filmmuseum has 2 exhibition halls (one of them covers an area of 1,200 square meters), a film archive and four cinemas.
The museum collection covers the entire history of both Dutch and foreign film, from late 19th century silent films to contemporary productions, with a total of over 46,000 films. The collection also includes approximately 1,500 cinema projectors, 41,500 film posters, 500,000 photos, scripts, soundtracks and filmmakers' paper archives. The collection size is over 820,000 objects.

Fabergé Museum opened in 2013.
The museum owns the world's largest collection of Carl Fabergé's masterpieces, with over 1,000 items, including 9 Easter eggs made for the last two Russian emperors. The entire collection includes over 4,000 works of art and applied arts. These are mainly gold and silver items, paintings and porcelain from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century.

FC Barcelona Museum opened in 1984.
You can get acquainted with the history of the club thanks to the audiovisual touch screen. The sports art collection includes works by Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró and Antoni Tàpies. In the museum, we will also see the club's trophies and memorabilia, including those related to Diego Maradona and Lionel Messi.
Entrance to the museum is combined with visiting the Camp Nou stadium. There is also a fan shop on the premises of the museum.
The museum covers 3,550 square meters.

Photo: FC Barcelona/Autor: Sara Gordon

The Field Museum dates back to 1893.
The Field Museum has collections in zoology, evolutionary biology, geology, and palaeontology. Including the Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton called Sue, the largest and most complete (90%) T-Rex skeleton discovered so far. The entire collection is complemented by archeology, anthropology, ethnography and cultural artifacts from around the world.
The Field Museum has collected nearly 40 million artifacts and specimens.

© Field Museum, Lucy Hewett

Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF) consists of the de Young and the Legion of Honor. The collection includes about 150,000 exhibits. M. H. de Young Memorial Museum was opened in 1895, it collects and presents mainly American art from the 17th to the 20th century. At the California Palace of the Legion of Honor you can see European ancient art and works of European masters such as Rembrandt, Rubens, Renoir, Cézanne, and Picasso.

The history of the Finnish National Gallery (Suomen Kansallisgalleria) begins in 1846. In 2014 it was reorganized and included:
- Ateneum Art Museum, its collection covers the period from the 18th century to modernism, permanent exhibitions present international and Finnish art, the collection includes nearly 30,000 works of art.
- Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma, has approximately 8,800 works of art in its collection.
- Sinebrychoff Art Museum, specializes in old European art from the 14th century to the 1850s, the collections include approximately 6,500 works of art.
- Finnish State Art Commission.

Ateneum in the sun. Photo: Ville Malja

The Fondation Louis Vuitton (FLV) opened in 2014.
The museum is dedicated to contemporary art. The museum's collection will include works by artists such as Gerhard Richter, Christian Boltanski, Jeff Koons, Jean-Michel Basquiat.
The FLV manages the Espace Louis Vuitton. The Espace Louis Vuitton is an exhibition place encouraging creation of new contemporary artworks in Tokyo, München, Venezia, Beijing, Seoul and Osaka..

© Iwan Baan / Fondation Louis Vuitton, 2014