The predecessor of the Nanjing Museum was the preparatory department of the National Central Museum, which was founded in 1933.
Nanjing Museum covers an area of ​​85,000 square meters. The museum has over 400,000 exhibits in its permanent collection. The most important exhibit of the collection is full-size armor made of small jade tiles connected with silver wire.
The museum's collections are presented in twelve exhibition halls:
- Qin garden
- Earthen Ware Hall
- Treasure room
- Folk Art Hall
- Bronze room
- China Ming and Qing Hall
- Wu Weishan sculpture hall
- Hall of ancient paintings
- Modern Art Hall
- Jiangnan Silk Product Hall
- Jade Hall
- Lacquer Hall

National Air and Space Museum part of the Smithsonian Institution, open since 1976. He makes public about 80% of his 50,000 exhibits. The most important of them are:
- the world's first Flyer I engine plane constructed in 1903 by the Wright brothers
- Spirit of St. Louis, which the American pilot Charles Lindbergh made in 1927 the first single stopover flight from North America to Europe
- built from original components acquired during World War II, the German V2 rocket
- Columbia command module (orbital) from the Apollo 11 mission, during which the first human landing on the moon took place
- Discovery space shuttle
- supersonic Concorde passenger plane

A view of the "America by Air" gallery; National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian

The National Archaeological Museum was founded in 1829.
The entire collections are divided into:
- collection of prehistoric antiques (Neolithic, Cycladic and Mycenaean)
- collection of ancient Greek sculptures (7th century BC - 5th century AD)
- vase and minerals collection (11th century BC - Roman era)
- metallurgical works collection
- collection of Egyptian and Eastern Antiquities (5000 BC - Roman era)
The National Archaeological Museum has in its collection, among others, the golden Mask of Agamemnon and the bronze statue of Zeus or Poseidon.
The collection consists of over 11,000 exhibits.
The museum covers an area of 8,000 square meters.

The National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT) was opened in 2007.
NACT does not have its own collection, permanent exhibition. Curators of NACT organizes temporary exhibitions and sponsored presentations, sometimes with other organizations.
NACT's exhibition space is 14,000 square meters.

The National Folk Museum of Korea is a museum that represents daily life and culture of Korea and is visited by more than two million people every year. We provide educational and cultural opportunities to better understand and experience the traditional Korean lifestyle. Since its establishment in 1946, the National Museum of Anthropology has primarily investigated and researched Korean folk culture, while having has acquired, preserved, and exhibited Korean folk cultural artifacts. Over the years, we have held permanent and special exhibitions, published reports, while also having conducted lectures and other public education programs. Now, in keeping with the paradigm for museums in the 21st century that require them to be more responsive to the public and take an open and specialized approach, we are striving to expand our visitor base and reach out to visitors more effectively.

National Galleries of Scotland organized in 1985. Brings together:
Scottish National Gallery,
Scottish National Portrait Gallery,
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art,
Paxton House,
Duff House,
Granton Center for Art.
Has nearly 100,000 esponates in its collection, which includes works by artists such as Titian, Rembrandt, Picasso, Hockney, and Warhol.

National Gallery was founded in 1824. You can see 2,300 images there.
The most famous works:
- Leonardo da Vinci "Madonna in the Grotto"
- Vincent van Gogh "Sunflowers"
- Rembrandt van Rijn "Bathing woman"
- Caravaggio "Supper in Emmaus"

The National Gallery of Art, founded as a gift to the nation, serves as a center of visual art, education, and culture. Our collection of more than 150,000 paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, photographs, prints, and drawings spans the history of Western art and showcases some of the triumphs of human creativity. Across 363 days a year, the National Gallery offers a full spectrum of special exhibitions and public programs free of charge.

National Gallery of Australia (NGA) founded in 1967, opened to the public in 1982.
Some NGA collections:
- Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art (the largest in the world)
- Australian art (non-Indigenous), works by e.g. Sidney Nolan, Grace Cossington Smith, Margaret Preston, Arthur Boyd, Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin
- Western art, works by e.g. Paul Cézanne, Pablo Picasso, Mark Rothko, David Hockney
- Pacific art
- Asian art
- Sculpture garden, works by e.g. Auguste Rodin, Henry Moore
The NGA has over 155,000 works of art.
The NGA building has 23,000 square meters of floor space.

The National Gallery of Ireland opened to the public in 1864.
It has collections of European and Irish art in its collection. It includes the works of, among others Titian, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Velázquez, Rubens, van Dyck, Reynolds, Delacroix, Monet, Picasso, Jack Butler Yeats.
The entire collection comprises approximately 14,000 works of art, including approximately 2,500 oil paintings, 5,000 prints and 5,000 drawings.

The National Gallery of Victoria was founded in 1861.
It consists of two sections: the NGV International art gallery and the NGV Australia art gallery.
At NGV International you can see the works of such masters as Rembrandt, Titian, and Manet.
Whereas NGV Australia presents the art of Aborigines and Australian painters representing different periods, from classic colonial painters, through Australian Impressionists to contemporary artists.

The National Gallery Prague (Národní galerie Praha, NGP) was established in 1796 by a group of Czech aristocrats and intellectuals who formed the Society of Patriotic Friends of the Arts. This makes it one of the oldest public art institutions in Europe. The gallery officially opened to the public in 1796.
The National Gallery Prague houses a vast and diverse collection of artworks spanning different periods, styles, and regions. Its collections include:
1. Old Masters (Medieval to Baroque Art)
- Gothic Art from Bohemia and Central Europe (14th–16th centuries)
- Renaissance and Baroque paintings, including works by Titian, Tintoretto, Rubens, Rembrandt, and El Greco
- Notable pieces from Czech and European masters like Hans von Aachen and Petr Brandl
2. 19th-Century Art (Neoclassicism to Romanticism)
- Works by Czech painters such as Josef Mánes, Antonín Mánes, and Václav Brožík
- European artists, including Francisco Goya and Eugène Delacroix
3. Modern and Contemporary Art (20th & 21st Century)
- Czech Cubism, featuring Bohumil Kubišta and Emil Filla
- Abstract and avant-garde movements, including works by František Kupka
- Surrealism, with artists like Toyen and Jindřich Štyrský
- International modernists, including Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
4. Asian and Non-European Art
- Chinese and Japanese art, including calligraphy, ceramics, and Buddhist sculptures
- Indian and Islamic art collections
5. Contemporary Installations and Exhibitions
- Rotating exhibits featuring contemporary Czech and international artists
The National Gallery Prague's collections are displayed across multiple buildings, including the Trade Fair Palace, Schwarzenberg Palace, Sternberg Palace, the Convent of St. Agnes of Bohemia, Salm Palace, Kinský Palace, and the Wallenstein Riding School. Each venue specializes in different periods and styles of art.
The National Gallery Prague boasts an extensive collection of over 400,000 artworks, making it the largest art repository in the Czech Republic.
The National Gallery Prague encompasses multiple historic buildings, collectively offering an exhibition space of approximately 33,000 square meters.

National Gallery Prague, Veletrzni palac, photo Tomas Slavik

National Gallery Singapore was founded in 2015.
The collection of over 8,000 works of art is presented on an area of ​​64,000 square meters.
The National Gallery Singapore exhibits works of artists from Singapore and Southeast Asia from the 19th to the 21st century.


National Gallery Singapore, Link Bridges at the Padang Atrium

The National Historical Museum (Национален исторически музей) in Sofia, Bulgaria is the country’s largest and one of the richest history museums in the Balkans. It was established on 5 May 1973 and since 2003 has been housed in a former government residence at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the Boyana district.
The museum’s vast collection comprises over 650,000 historical, archeological, ethnographic and artistic objects spanning from prehistory to the present day, though only about 10 % are on permanent display.
Highlights include iconic artifacts such as the Panagyurishte Golden Treasure and other Thracian treasures, as well as extensive exhibits on medieval Bulgaria, the Ottoman period, national revival, and the modern Bulgarian state.

National Historical Museum (Museo Histórico Nacional) was established in 1889. It officially opened to the public in 1891.
The National Historical Museum houses a vast collection of artifacts that chronicle Argentina’s history, focusing primarily on the country's struggle for independence and the 19th century. Key highlights of its collections include:
1. Historical Artifacts and Memorabilia
- Weapons: Swords, sabers, and guns used during the independence wars.
- Flags and Banners: National flags, including those used by revolutionary armies.
- Military Uniforms: Uniforms of key figures like General José de San Martín and other military leaders.
2. Personal Belongings of National Heroes
- Items that belonged to José de San Martín, Manuel Belgrano, and Juan Manuel de Rosas, among others.
- San Martín's saber: One of the museum’s most treasured items.
3. Documents and Manuscripts
- Original letters, decrees, and proclamations from the independence era.
- Treaties and correspondence between revolutionary leaders.
4. Fine Art Collection
- Paintings depicting significant moments in Argentine history, such as battles and revolutionary events.
- Works by renowned Argentine artists like Cándido López, who documented the Paraguayan War (War of the Triple Alliance) through his paintings.
5. Furniture and Everyday Items
- 19th-century furniture from notable homes and public buildings.
- Items showcasing daily life during Argentina’s formative years.
6. Religious and Cultural Artifacts
- Religious items, including crosses and church relics, reflecting the role of the Catholic Church in Argentina’s history.
7. Numismatics and Medals
- Coins, medals, and currency from Argentina’s early years as a nation.
8. Archaeological Artifacts
- Pre-Columbian artifacts from various indigenous cultures, offering insight into Argentina’s history before colonization.
The National Historical Museum has a collection of approximately 50,000 artifacts, about 4,000 artifacts are on display.
The museum complex, including its gardens and exhibition spaces, covers approximately 4,000 square meters. The exhibition area itself is around 1,600 square meters.

National Maritime Museum opened in 2012.
The exhibitions focus on all aspects of marine and ocean life, from sea creatures to the history of the maritime industry based on 5,000 years of maritime culture. In the museum, you can see, among others, a replica of the Ship of Joseon Envoy.
Over 12,000 artefacts are presented at the exhibitions.
The museum covers an area of 45,444 square meters, including a total floor area of 25,870 square meters.

The National Museum Bangkok has been open since 1874.
The permanent exhibitions at the museum are divided into three parts:
1. The Thai History Gallery,
2. The Archeological and Art History Collections,
3. The Decorative Arts and Ethnological Collection.
In the museum you can see, among others: The King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription, royal coats of arms and insignia, ivory carvings, shadow puppets, Khon masks.

The National Museum in Krakow (NMK) was established in 1879.
The museum has a collection of works of Polish, European and non-European art, including:
- Leonardo da Vinci "Lady with an Ermine"
- Rembrandt "Landscape with the Good Samaritan"
The NMK has 12 branches and over 900,000 exhibits.

https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2021/12/informacja-publiczna-w-tzw-muzeum.html

The National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) belongs to the Smithsonian Institution, opened to the public in 2016.
The museum building has an area of ​​33,000 square meters.
NMAAHC has in its collection over 40,000 exhibits, of which about 3,500 exhibits are exhibited. The museum presents African American history, art, music. One of the most pipular exhibits was the 1953 Jacqueline Bouvier wedding dress when she got married to John F. Kennedy, a trumpet that belonged to jazz musician Louis Armstrong, Muhammad Ali's boxing gloves.

The National Museum of American History as part of the Smithsonian Institution was opened in 1964 as the Museum of History and Technology. The museum collects, preserves and exposes the US heritage in the aspect of social, political, cultural, scientific and military history. Among the items presented is the original banner with the stars - a flag that fluttered over Fort McHenry in the port of Baltimore during the maritime part of the Battle of Baltimore during the war in 1812.

The National Museum of Anthropology has been open since 1964.
Exposition area: 44,000 square meters.
In the museum you can see archaeological and ethnographic collections from 2500 BC to the present day.

The National Museum of Anthropology (Museo Nacional de Antropología) is a pioneering institution dedicated to cultural diversity and social anthropology. It is one of the oldest anthropological museums in Spain, known for its extensive, globally sourced collections presented in a 19th-century building.
The museum was founded through the personal initiative of Segovian physician Dr. Pedro González Velasco and inaugurated by King Alfonso XII on April 29, 1875, originally as the Anatomical or Anthropological Museum.
The museum houses items representing the tangible culture of societies from Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Key collections include ethnographic artifacts from the Philippines (from the 1887 exhibition), Equatorial Guinea, and a significant physical anthropology collection, including skulls and skeletons from the 19th century. Notable items include the skeleton of the "Extremaduran Giant" (Agustín Luengo Capilla).
The museum holds more than 20,000 to 21,000 ethnographic and archaeological artifacts.
The museum is organized over three floors and five main exhibition rooms.

The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (National Museum, Nasjonalmuseet, NaM) was established in 1837 as the National Museum. The new National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design opened in 2022 (https://www.museumworldranking.net/news/the-national-museum-of-norway-announces-forthcoming-exhibition-programme-following-anticipated-opening-in-june-2022,125).
The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design consists of:
- National Museum (collection of Norwegian Romantic Nationalism paintings, collection of works by Edvard Munch with the first version of "The Scream" from 1893, collection of graphics and drawings with works by, among others, Durer, Rafael, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van Gogh)
- National Museum - Architecture (collection consisting of over 300,000 architectural drawings, models, photographic documentation from the period from the 1830s to the present day)
- Villa Stenersen (an example of Norwegian functionalism designed in 1937-1939)
The entire collection includes 400,000 objects.
The total area is over 54,600 square meters, of which 10,000 square meters is the exhibition area.

Photo: Iwan Baan

The National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO) is located on Nakanoshima island in central Osaka. It is celebrated for its unique subterranean architecture and its focus on post-war contemporary art.
The museum originally opened on October 15, 1977, in Suita, using the Expo Museum of Fine Arts building from the 1970 World Exposition. Due to the aging of the original facility, it moved to its current location in Nakanoshima in November 2004. Designed by César Pelli, the museum is almost entirely underground. The above-ground entrance features a striking stainless steel and glass structure inspired by the "supple vitality of bamboo".
The collection comprises approximately 8,300 works. The museum primarily collects contemporary art from Japan and abroad produced since 1945. Notable artists in the collection include Pablo Picasso, Paul Cézanne, Andy Warhol, Yayoi Kusama, and Tadanori Yokoo.
The facility features three underground levels, with galleries on the second and third basement floors.
The total floor area of the museum is approximately 13,500 square meters.

Photography by Block Photograph./Shota Fukami

The National Museum of Australia was established in 1980.
The National Historical Collection, which is the core of the museum's collection, includes more than 210,000 items illustrating the history and cultural heritage of Australia. The museum has the world's largest collection of Aboriginal bark paintings and stone tools. In the museum you can see, among others: navigation instruments used by Captain James Cook and Holey Dollar, the first currency minted in Australia.

The museum was founded in 2003 by merging two museums: Museum of the Chinese Revolution and National Museum of Chinese History.
The permanent exhibition consists of over one million exhibits.
The most important are "Simuwu Ding" from the Shang Dynasty, the square shaped Shang Dynasty bronze zun, jade burial suits sewn with gold thread from Han Dynasty and Song Dynasty ceramics. The museum has a unique numismatic collection.

The National Museum of Colombia (Museo Nacional de Colombia) founded in 1823 is one of the oldest in the Americas.
The art collection includes works by Colombian artists such as Andrés de Santa María, Santiago Martínez Delgado, Gustavo Arcila Uribe, Fernando Botero as well as Latin American and European art. The museum's collection includes a treasury of pre-Columbian goldsmiths, a coat of one of the wives of the Inca emperor Atahualpa, a banner used by Francisco Pizarro during the conquest of Peru, a crown of gold, diamonds and pearls given to Simón Bolívar in Cuzco in 1825.
The museum has a collection of over 20,000 artifacts, of which about 2,500 are presented at exhibitions.
An area of 3,000 square meters.

The National Museum of Contemporary Art Athens (EMST) has been operating since 2000.
The EMST collection includes works by Greek and international artists such as Stephen Antonakos, Chryssa, Marina Abramović, Nam June Paik. It is painting, sculpture, graphics, photography. video, installations, industrial design, new media from the second half of the 20th century and modern times.

The National Museum of Denmark (Nationalmuseet) founded in 1807.
It has collections from all over the world from the earliest times to the present day. In the museum from the area of Denmark you can see, among others: the Trundholm sun chariot from the Nordic Bronze Age, the Veksø helmets (a pair of ceremonial helmets with horns from the Bronze Age), runic stones.

The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) officially opens to the public in 2021. One of the most important moments related to the opening of the museum was the ceremonial procession known as the "Golden Parade of the Pharaohs", in which 22 royal mummies were transferred to NMEC from the Egyptian Museum in the center of Cairo, including 18 kings (e.g. Ramesses II) and 4 queens (e.g. Hatshepsut).
NMEC has a collection of exhibits that cover the entire history of Egyptian civilization - from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum's collections are divided into different historical and thematic periods (e.g. the Gallery of Royal Mummies), giving a comprehensive picture of Egypt's cultural development. The main collection categories include:
1. Prehistoric period - exhibits from before the invention of writing, including tools, ceramics, decorations and everyday objects.
2. Pharaonic period - a rich collection from the times of ancient Egypt, including, among others, statues, jewelry, sarcophagi, tomb and temple paintings, and artifacts related to religious rituals.
3. Greco-Roman period - exhibits from the period when Egypt was under the rule of the Greeks and Romans, including sculptures, coins, ceramics and other objects of Hellenistic and Roman culture.
4. Coptic period - objects from early Christian times, including icons, textiles, manuscripts and liturgical objects.
5. Islamic period - a collection showing the development of Islamic culture in Egypt, including ceramics, weapons, coins, textiles and calligraphy.
6. Contemporary period - exhibits on the recent history of Egypt up to the present day, showing the social, cultural and political development of the country.
NMEC has a collection of approximately 50,000 items. Currently, approximately 5,000 exhibits are presented in museum exhibitions.
NMEC's exhibition area is over 23,000 square meters.

National Museum of Ethiopia (NME) founded in 1958.
The most important exhibits:
- Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis), fossilized remains of an early hominin, 3.18 million years ago
- Selam (Australopithecus afarensis), fossilized remains of an early hominin, 3.3 million years ago
- Ethiopian Crown
- Throne of Emperor Haile Selassie
The NME has around 4,000 exhibits.

The National Museum of Finland (Suomen kansallismuseo) opened to the public in 1916.
Permanent exhibitions: Prehistory, Otherland (history from the 11th to the beginning of the 20th century), Story of Finland (the independence era), Playtime (practical opportunity to experience things and study history).
The entire collection includes approximately 3.5 million exhibits.
The exhibition area is over 3,100 square meters.

Photo is taken by: Omar El Mrabt

The National Museum of History (MNH) was opened to the public in Castillo de Chapultepec in 1944.
The exhibitions show the history of Mexico, from the conquest of Spain, through the colonial era, the war of independence, to the revolution of 1910.

National Museum of India founded in 1949.
Its collections include artifacts covering over 5000 years of history, from the prehistoric era to modern works of art. The museum has 206,000 objects in its collections.
It is divided into collections:
Pre - Histroic Archaeology
Archaeology
Anthropology
Paintings (mainly miniature painting)
Arms & Armour
Central Asian Antiquities
Decorative Arts
Manuscripts
Numismatic & Epigraphy
Pre-Columbian & Western Art

The National Museum of Indonesia (MusNas) dates back to 1778.
Museum collections of archeology, ceramics, ethnography, numismatics cover almost the entire history of Indonesia. Particularly noteworthy are the collection of stone statues from the classical Hindu-Buddhist period of ancient Java and Sumatra and the collection of Chinese ceramics dating from the Han (2nd century BC) to Qing times (18th century).
MusNas stores nearly 200,000 artifacts in its collection.
MusNas covers an area of 26,500 square meters.

The National Museum of Ireland (NMI) was established in 1877 as a state museum.
The exhibits collected in the museum come from prehistoric times to the present day, including: gold products from the Bronze and Iron Ages, early medieval Celtic metalwork (e.g. the Derrynaflan treasure), items from the Viking and Middle Ages, well-preserved marsh bodies and the Ralaghan Man, extinct mammals, contemporary design.
NMI has four branches.
The entire collection includes almost 4,000,000 items.

The National Museum of Korea was founded in 1909 as the Imperial Household Museum.
It has over 310,000 exhibits, on 307 227 square meters of exhibition space. One of the most important artifacts is the golden crown of Silla and the 10-story pagoda of the Gyeongcheons Temple.

The National Museum of Marine Science and Technology (NMMST) officially opened to the public in 2014.
NMMST's interests focus on marine science, technology, ecology, and culture.
The parts of the Museum Complex are the Main Exhibition Building, Ocean Theater, Regional Exploration Building, Research and Collection Center, Chaojing Intelligent Ocean (iOcean).
NMMST is part of a larger entity called Marine Education and Tourist Park.
It covers an area of over 500,000 square meters.

National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art established in 1969.
It has 4 locations in Gwacheon, Seoul, Deoksugung, Cheongju.
MMCA presents modern Korean and contemporary art from around the world. You can see works there, among others, Nam June Paik and Andy Warhol.
Around 7,000 works of art are stored at the headquarters in Gwacheon.

MMCA Gwacheon © Park Jung Hoon

The National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Algiers (MaMa) was opened in 2007.
MaMa collects works of art in the field of painting, sculpture, graphics, photography, video, new media, industrial design from 1905 to the present day.

National Museum of Modern Art (MoMAK) established in 1963.
It collects works of art from the 20th and 21st centuries.
MoMAK has in its collection works by such artists as: Tomioka Tessai, Wassily Kandinsky, Georges Braque, Tsuguharu Fujita, Marc Chagall, Barbara Hepworth, and David Hockney.
The total area of MoMAK is 9761.99 square meters, of which 2604.94 square meters is the exhibition space.

The National Museum of Natural History is part of the Smithsonian Institution. It was founded in 1910.
Currently, exhibition and public space covers 30,200 square meters.
It has more than 126 million specimens of minerals, rocks, meteorites, fossils, plants, animals, human bones and artifacts.

The National Museum of Natural History – Sofia is the oldest and richest natural history museum on the Balkan Peninsula, affiliated with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1889, the museum studies, preserves and exhibits extensive collections of animals, plants, fossils, minerals, and other natural specimens, with nearly 1.5 million items. Its mission includes research, education, and the dissemination of knowledge about biodiversity, ecology, and the natural world both in Bulgaria and internationally.

The National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) was founded in 1635 as a royal garden of medicinal plants, formally founded in 1793. It has 68 million specimens in its collection.
MNHN is divided into:
Garden of plants
- Gallery of Evolution
- Cabinet of Virtual reality
- Paleontology and comparative Anatomy Gallery
- Mineralogy and Geology Gallery
- Botanical Gallery
- Grandes Serres du Jardin des Plantes
- Ménagerie, the zoo of the Jardin des Plantes
- Amphithéâtre Verniquet
- Grande Galerie de l’Évolution Auditorium
- Children’s Gallery
Museum of mankind
Zoological park of Paris
Versailles Chèvreloup Arboretum
Haute-Touche animal reserve
Jean-Henri Fabre museum
Botanical garden Val Rahmeh-Menton
Pataud shelter
Concarneau Marine Biology Station and Marinarium
La Jaÿsinia alpin garden
Paléosite de Sansan

Musém national d'Histoire naturelle © F-G Grandin MNHN

The National Museum of Natural Science was founded in 1986.
The museum's collection consists of over 550,000 exhibits.
The collections are divided into departments of geology, botany, zoology, and anthropology.

The National Museum of Nature and Science officially established itself in 1877. It has over 10,000 exhibits in its collection. The museum focuses on natural history and interactive scientific experience. The most famous exhibits are: the crafted faithful dog Hachiko, fragment of the Nantan meteorite that fell on China in the 16th century, a mummy from the Japanese Edo period (1603-1868), an original WWII fighter.

The National Museum of Saudi Arabia situated on King Faisal Road in the al-Murabba district and part of the King Abdulaziz Historical Centre, the museum officially opened on 23 January 1999 to mark the centennial of Saudi Arabia’s founding.
Designed by Canadian architect Raymond Moriyama, the museum draws inspiration from the red desert sands and Najdi architectural motifs, featuring sweeping limestone walls that evoke both Riyadh’s landscape and its spiritual direction toward Mecca.
Museum Layout & Exhibitions
Divided into eight permanent halls, the museum presents a chronological narrative of Saudi and Arabian history:
1. Man and the Universe – Prehistoric life, fossils, meteorites.
2. Arabian Kingdoms – Artifacts from pre-Islamic civilizations like Dilmun and Thamud.
3. Pre-Islamic Era – Cultural practices and script evolution before Islam.
4. Prophet’s Mission – Life of Prophet Muhammad; includes manuscripts and family lineage displays.
5. Islam and the Arabian Peninsula – Islamic history through the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
6. First & Second Saudi States – Models of Diriyah and insights into early Saudi governance.
7. Unification of the Kingdom – King Abdulaziz’s role in forming modern Saudi Arabia.
8. Hajj & Two Holy Mosques – Models and explanations of religious importance in Mecca and Medina.
Exhibits include life-sized skeletons, dioramas, meteorite fragments, a Nabatean tomb reconstruction, Islamic manuscripts, and multimedia installations such as touchscreens and films.
The National Museum of Saudi Arabia houses approximately 4,413 archaeological and historical artifacts in its collection, displayed across around 221 display cabinets.
The main building of the National Museum of Saudi Arabia covers about 37,080 m². Meanwhile, external estimates suggest a total site or footprint area closer to 17,000 m², with some sources citing about 28,000 m²—likely reflecting slightly different definitions (such as including auxiliary spaces or outdoor areas).

The National Museum of Serbia was founded in 1844.
The collections of the National Museum of Serbia include:
1. Art
- European and Serbian paintings: The collection includes works by artists such as Monet, Cézanne, Van Gogh, Picasso and Serbian masters such as Nadežda Petrović, Paja Jovanović and Uroš Predić.
- Icons and Sacred Art: Collection of Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons related to the Orthodox tradition of Serbia.
2. Archeology
- Artifacts from the prehistoric era: Objects dating back to the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron periods, including famous finds from the Vinča culture.
- Ancient collections: A rich collection of sculptures, ceramics, jewelry and coins from the times of ancient Greece, Rome e.g. the Belgrade Cameo (2nd - 4th century AD) and bronze bust of Roman emperor Constantine the Great (around 325), and the Byzantine Empire.
3. Numismatics
- The museum has one of the largest numismatic collections in the Balkans, with coins and medals from antiquity to modern times. There are Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Serbian medieval, Ottoman and European coins.
4. Sculpture and applied art
- Sculptures from antiquity to modern art, with particular emphasis on Serbian and European sculpture.
- Applied art includes items such as ceramics, jewelry, fabrics and everyday objects from various eras.
5. Modern and contemporary art
- Works by contemporary Serbian and European artists, including paintings, sculptures and installations.
6. Ethnography
- Collections related to the material culture of the peoples living in the Balkans, including folk costumes, tools and objects of everyday use.
The National Museum of Serbia has over 400,000 exhibits in its collection, and about 3,000 items are displayed in the museum's permanent exhibitions.
The permanent exhibitions of the National Museum of Serbia cover an area of approximately 5,000 square meters.

The National Museum of Singapore opened in 1887.
The collections consist of artifacts related to the history of Singapore, such as the approximately 1,000-year-old Singapore Stone with inscriptions in Old Hawaiian or Sanskrit, and 14th century gold ornaments discovered at nearby Fort Canning Hill in 1928.

The National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) was established in 1989 as part of the Smithsonian Institution. It includes: NMAI at the National Mall in Washington, the George Gustav Heye Center (GGHC) in New York, the Cultural Resources Center (CRC) in Suitland, Maryland.
The museum is dedicated to the culture of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, especially North American Indians.
The collection includes over 800,000 objects, archives and media, as well as over 125,000 photos.

National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense revolves around a series of concepts from the beginning of Iran's history until present times; the first hall is exclusively about the Islamic revolution and the next six ones are related to the Holy Defense (Iran-Iraq war 1980-1988). Through the use of visual and conceptual media, these halls display the chronology of developments in Iran and present a totally new definition of the concept of museums.

National Museum of the Philippines created in 1901.
The National Museum Complex in Manila includes the National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, and National Planetarium.
In the National Museum of the Philippines, among the National Cultural Treasures on display you can find: Manunggul Burial Jar from the Neolithic period, Butuan Balangay Boat dated 320 AD which is the first balangay excavated by the National Museum of the Philippines, astrolabes recovered from the wreckage of the San Diego galleon.
The National Museum of the Philippines manages over a dozen regional museums located all over the Philippines, and regional museums have a dozen more a regional branches.

The National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasynyń Ulttyq mýzeıі) opened in 2014. It is one of the largest museums in Central Asia.
The museum presents the history and culture of Kazakhstan from prehistoric times to the present day. Permanent exhibitions include:
- Central entrance - Atrium
- Hall of Astana
- Hall of History
- Hall of Ancient and Medieval History
- Hall of Gold 1
- Hall of Gold 2
- Hall of Kazakhstan Independence
- Ethnography hall
- Hall of Modern Art 1
- Hall of Modern Art 2
The symbol of Kazakhstan stored in the museum is the so-called "Golden Man" - these are the remains of an ancient ruler - a warrior in golden robes discovered near Almaty.
The number of museum objects is about 220,000.
The museum complex has an area of 74,000 square meters, of which the exhibition halls occupy 14,000 square meters.

The National Museum of the U.S. Air Force has faced controversy mainly over serious collection mismanagement in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when internal audits and investigations revealed that thousands of artifacts had gone missing, been improperly disposed of, or stolen, including historically significant items. A former museum official was implicated, and weak record-keeping, poor oversight, and inactive advisory boards were criticized by investigators and veterans’ groups. Although reforms were reportedly introduced afterward, the episode damaged public trust and highlighted broader ethical and accountability challenges in managing military heritage.
Director David Tillotson

National Museum of the Village "Dimitrie Gusti" (Muzeul National al Satului "Dimitrie Gusti") founded in 1936.
On the premises of the museum there are farms, peasant houses, craft workshops, Orthodox churches, a chapel, an inn with interior furnishings such as furniture, ceramics, fabrics, tools. Most of the buildings are 17th to 20th century originals from all over Romania.
The permanent exhibition includes 123 separate complexes, which include 363 architectural monuments and over 50,000 artifacts.
The exhibition area is approximately 12.5 ha.

The National Museum of Western Art was opened in 1959.
He collects art from Western countries from the Renaissance to the 20th century. It has about 4500 exhibits.

National museum (Národní muzeum) founded in 1818, located in several buildings in Prague and beyond.
Museum collections: Asian cultures, ethnographic, non-European ethnography, numismatic, non-European numismatics, Middle East and Africa in Antiquity, photographic of the Náprstek Museum, Náprstek inventory, Náprstek Museum archives, musical instruments, Department of Music History, Antonín Dvořák Museum, Bedřich Smetana Museum, book, book culture, manuscripts and early prints, historical journals, entomological, archeology, classical archeology, historical, theater, Museum of the Workers' Movement in the National Museum Archives, modern Czech history, Museum of the Workers' Movement, National Museum Archives, Czechoslovak Documentation Center, Department of the History of Physical Education and Sports - 3D objects, photo archive of the Department of the History of Physical Training and Sports, archives of the history of physical education and sports, paleontological, lichenological, anthropology, botanical and herbarium, mycological, geological, cut gemstones, petrographic, tektites, meteorites, mineralogical, mammals, fishes, invertebrates, excluding insects, amphibians and reptiles, birds.
All collections include over 20 million items.

The National Museums Scotland (NMS) was formed in 1985, however, it originates from the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland founded in 1780.
The museum consists of:
- National Museum of Scotland
- National Museum of Flight
- National War Museum
- National Museum of Rural Life
- National Museums Collection Centre
The exhibitions display 8,000 exhibits, mainly Scottish archaeological monuments but also objects from around the world in the fields of geology, natural history, art as well as science and technology.

The National Palace Museum was originally created as the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City in 1925.
The permanent collection consists of nearly 700,000 exhibits of ancient Chinese artifacts and works of art collected by Chinese emperors. The museum has Chinese calligraphy, porcelain, bronze, paintings, jade. The museum collections present art from the Neolithic era to the present day.

National Palace Museum of Korea founded in 1908 as the Korean Imperial Museum. The museum occupies in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul. In its collection, the museum has over 40,000 artifacts from the time of Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire.

Founded in 1856, the National Portrait Gallery tells the story of Britain through portraits, using art to bring history to life and explore living today. From global icons, to unsung heroes, our Collection is filled with the stories that have shaped, and continue to shape a nation. We celebrate the power of portraiture and offer encounters with some of the world’s greatest and most exciting new artists, promoting engagement with portraiture in all media to a wide- ranging public by conserving, growing and sharing the world’s largest collection of portraits.

National Portrait Gallery Forecourt, photo © Olivier Hess

Established in 1962, the National Portrait Gallery is part of the Smithsonian Institution.
The National Portrait Gallery tells the history of America by presenting portraits of famous Americans - politicians, artists, scientists, explorers. It has, among other things, a representative collection of portraits of American presidents.
The National Portrait Gallery has gathered over 23,000 objects.


National Portrait Gallery Building by Tony Powell, 2019

The National Portrait Gallery has been operating as an unassisted institution since 1998.
The national collection of portraits includes about 3,000 photographs, paintings, sculptures, drawings and multimedia.

The National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM) opened to the public in 1997.
NSTM covers an area of 19 hectares, the area of one floor is 112,400 square meters. It presents 18 permanent exhibitions in separate halls. Permanent exhibitions are devoted to: industrial history, air navigation and aerospace, biological technology, clothing and textiles, healthy living, food industry, energy conservation, machines, utilization of water resources, transportation, the diseases prevention.

National September 11 Memorial & Museum opened to the public in 2014.
The monument and museum in New York commemorate the attacks of September 11, 2001.
The museum collection includes, among others, over 40,000 paintings and 14,000 artifacts.

The National Space Museum, a facility under the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). Located at the Obasanjo Space Centre on Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Expressway in Abuja, the museum serves as a gateway to understanding the nation's space endeavours and the broader universe.
A significant development for the museum is a public-private partnership with Milky-Way Visuals Ltd., the commercial arm of NASRDA. This collaboration is set to transform the museum into a world-class facility, complete with a state-of-the-art planetarium. The N3.5 billion project, financed by private investment, aims to enhance the visitor experience through cutting-edge technology, interactive science exhibits, and robust educational programs.
Unveiling Nigeria's Space Saga: The Exhibits
The museum's collection is designed to chronicle Nigeria's space journey and inspire future generations. Information points to several key attractions:
Real-time Satellite Visualization: This interactive exhibit is a major draw, allowing visitors to see real-time data and visualizations of satellites in orbit, including Nigeria's own fleet like NigeriaSat-2, NigeriaSat-X etc. This display offers insight into the different types of satellites, their orbits, and their critical functions in communications, remote sensing, and more.
The Astronomy Corner: Delving into the wonders of the universe, this section provides an engaging and interactive learning experience about celestial objects. Visitors can expect to learn about stars, galaxies, planets, and other phenomena that populate the cosmos.
Showcasing Nigerian Satellites: The museum undoubtedly features exhibits detailing Nigeria's satellite missions, from the launch of NigeriaSat-1 to the latest advancements. These displays include models of Nigerian satellites and information on their contributions to national development in areas such as agriculture, security, and disaster management etc.
Interactive Learning: In line with the partnership with Milky-Way Visuals, the museum features a strong emphasis on interactive and hands-on learning experiences. This includes the development of educational materials and the hosting of STEM workshops for all ages, aimed at fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of space science and technology.

The National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) was founded in 1956.
NTSEC deals with broadly understood scientific education. It presents permanent and temporary exhibitions mainly in the field of natural and earth sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry and materials science.

The National Textile Museum opened to the public in 2010.
The museum is divided into four galleries:
1. Pohon Budi Gallery presents the origin of textiles from prehistoric times to the present day and their development through trade,
2. Pelangi Gallery, among others, various types of batiks and their development over the years.
3. Teluk Berantai Galery, among others, a collection of gold embroidery, embroidered applications on velvet and silk,
4. Ratna Sari Gallery, Malay, Chinese, Indian and other ethnic artisan jewelry.
It covers an area of 3,145.3 square meters.

The history of the Nationalmuseum dates back to 1792.
Collections include:
- paintings, sculptures, drawings and graphics from 1500-1900, including the 17th-century Rembrandt collection
- portraits from the early Middle Ages to the present day
- the world's largest collection of portrait miniatures, with over 5,200 works
- porcelain collections
- modern art
- applied art and design
The collections number approximately 700,000 objects, of which 500,000 are drawings.

Nationalmuseum Stockholm, interior Upper Staircase. Photo Anna Danielsson, Nationalmuseum

Natural History Museum opened in 1881.
The collection includes over 80 million exhibits and is divided into:
- mineralogy
- botany
- entomology
- paleontology
- zoology


Photo copyright Natural History Museum

The Natural History Museum - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science (Museum für Naturkunde [MfN] - Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung) dates back to 1810.
MfN is one of the world's most important research institutions in the field of biological and geoscientific evolution and biodiversity.
MfN has in its collections, inter alia, the largest mounted dinosaur in the world (a Giraffatitan skeleton) and the largest piece of amber in the world.
MfN stores over 30 million objects in the field of zoology, palaeontology, geology and mineralogy, of which 0.02% is exhibited.
The exhibition area is 4,400 square meters.

Dinosaur Hall in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, visible, among others, a fragment of a Giraffatitan brancai skeleton. Photo: Thomas Rosenthal

The Natural History Museum (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, NHM) opened to the public in 1889.
The entire collection consists of about 30 million objects. Of which over 100,000 objects are on display in 39 rooms with an area of 8,460 square meters.
The collection includes, among others:
- the Venus of Willendorf, about 29,500 years old
- a sea mermaid that became extinct more than 200 years ago
- dinosaur skeletons such as diplodocus, allosaurus and iguanodon
- complete skeletons of large mammals, such as Deinotherium (hoe tusker)
- the largest and oldest meteorite collection in the world, with the Martian meteorite "Tissint"

© NHM Vienna, Kurt Kracher

NEMO Science Museum was opened in 1997, however it dates back to 1923.
Exhibitions are devoted to electricity and electrical engineering as well as DNA, chain reaction, production line, water cycle, human mind, metals, buildings and business. Part of the exhibition is a large science laboratory.
Consists of the NEMO Science Museum, The Studio, and NEMO Depot. It has a NEMO Schiphol branch at Amsterdam-Schiphol airport.
The collection includes over 19,000 artefacts.

© DigiDaan

Notre-Dame de Paris (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris) was constructed between 1163 and 1345, taking nearly 200 years to complete. It is one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture.
Key Features of the Style:
- Pointed Arches: Used in windows, doors, and vaults for structural and aesthetic reasons.
- Ribbed Vaults: Allowed for higher ceilings and more complex roof designs.
- Flying Buttresses: First used extensively at Notre-Dame, these external supports countered the lateral thrust of the tall walls, enabling larger windows.
- Rose Windows: Notable circular stained-glass windows, especially the North and South Rose Windows.
- Sculptural Decoration: Richly adorned with gargoyles, statues of saints, and scenes from biblical stories.
Notre-Dame embodies the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture, blending intricate design with engineering innovation.
Notre-Dame de Paris is treasured not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the historic artifacts and symbolic significance it houses. Here are some of the most valuable aspects:
1. Religious Relics
Notre-Dame is home to some of the most sacred Christian relics:
- Crown of Thorns: Believed to have been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion. It is the most famous relic housed at Notre-Dame.
- Fragment of the True Cross: Allegedly a piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified.
- One of the Holy Nails: Said to have been used in Christ's crucifixion.
These relics are preserved in a specially designed reliquary and are venerated by pilgrims worldwide.
2. Stained Glass Windows
- The Rose Windows (North, South, and West) are masterpieces of Gothic art, dating back to the 13th century. They depict biblical scenes and saints in vivid colors and intricate patterns.
- These windows are not only beautiful but also an invaluable record of medieval craftsmanship and artistry.
3. Sculptures and Statues
- The Gallery of Kings: A series of statues depicting 28 biblical kings of Judah, positioned above the entrance portals.
- Gargoyles and Chimeras: Functional as rainwater spouts and symbolic protectors of the cathedral.
4. The Great Organ
- One of the largest and most famous pipe organs in the world, with five keyboards and nearly 8,000 pipes, some dating back to the 18th century. It is a cornerstone of Notre-Dame’s musical heritage.
5. The Bells
- The cathedral’s bells, especially the great bourdon bell "Emmanuel", have been iconic symbols of French history, ringing during major national and religious events.
Overall Dimensions:
- Length: 128 meters
- Width: 48 meters
- Height of Towers: 69 meters
- Height of the Spire: 96 meters