The Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza opened in 1992.
The collection includes 800 years of Western art; about 1,600 paintings by, among others, Van Eyck, Dürer, Caravaggio, Rubens, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Goya, Delacroix, Van Gogh, Pissarro, Munch, Chagall, Pollock, Rothko, Bacon.

The Castel Sant'Angelo Museum opened in 1906.
The building of the current museum was built in 139 as the mausoleum of Emperor Hadrian. In the Middle Ages rebuilt into a fortress. In 1367, the keys to the fortress were handed over to the then Pope Urban V. Further popes carried out further reconstruction using the monument as a shelter in times of danger, archives, court and prison.
Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo can be divided into 3 parts: mausoleum, fortified castle, papal apartments.

Museo Soumaya founded in 2011.
It has 66,000 works of art in its collection; including sculptures from all periods of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, paintings by Mexican artists such as Diego Rivera or Rufino Tamayo, a collection of coins from pre-Hispanic and colonial times. Museo Soumaya has a collection of works by European sculptors and painters, including: Auguste Rodin, Salvador Dalí, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró.
The museum is located in 3 places: Plaza Carso (16,000 square meters), Plaza Loreto, Casa Guillermo Tovar de Teresa.

The Miramare Castle and park were commissioned by Archduke Maximilian of Hapsburg who decided—around 1855—to build a residence worthy of his name and rank outside of Trieste, looking out to the sea and surrounded by a wide garden.
The Park of Miramare, with a surface of 22 hectares, is the result of Maximilian’s long and demanding project on the rocky promontory of Grignano, which originally resembled a Karst area almost devoid of vegetation.
The museum opened to the public in 1929.

The Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo (University Museum of Contemporary Art) abbreviated MUAC at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (National Autonomous University of Mexico) abbreviated UNAM was opened in 2008.
The MUAC houses the largest public collection of contemporary art in Mexico. It includes works by visual artists, sound art, audiovisual, kinetic and performative activities created mainly in Mexico after 1952 - the year UNAM was inaugurated.

Templo Mayor - the most important religious building of the Aztecs. Its construction began after 1325. The expansion continued in six stages until it was destroyed by the Spaniards in 1521.
Templo Mayor was located in the center of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, which is now Mexico City. Templo Mayor was the main building of the Sacred Precinct, which included 78 more smaller buildings.
Templo Mayor was shaped like a stepped pyramid with two temples at the top. The architectural style of Templo Mayor belongs to the late post-classical Mesoamerican period. Approximate dimensions of Templo Mayor, base 100 by 80 meters, height 60 meters.
The Museum of the Templo Mayor was opened in 1987.
The Museo y Zona Arqueológica del Templo Mayor covers an area of over 3,000 ha.

Photo: Secretaría de Cultura Ciudad de México, Attribution 2.0 Generic

Museu de Arte Sacra de São Paulo (MAS-SP) is a public institution affiliated with the Government of the State of São Paulo, under the responsibility of the Secretariat of Culture, Economy, and Creative Industries. It was inaugurated in 1970.
Located in the city of São Paulo, the Museum occupies the Mosteiro da Luz, a convent belonging to the Order of the Conceptionist Sisters (Order of the Immaculate Conception - OIC), whose nuns live in seclusion.
The Mosteiro da Luz was founded in 1774 by Frei Galvão (Frei Antônio de Sant’Anna Galvão, 1739–1822), the first Brazilian saint, whose remains are interred beneath the Monastery.
Today, the Monastery stands as the only colonial building from the 18th century in São Paulo that has preserved its original materials, elements, and structure. It is an example of taipa (rammed earth) architecture.
The MAS-SP houses one of the most important collections of sacred art in Brazil, assembled by the Archdiocesan Mitre throughout the 20th century. The collection includes pieces from historic churches across the country, sculptures of saints produced in Brazil and Europe between the 16th and 20th centuries, as well as silverware and paintings.
Its holdings comprise religious sculptures from the colonial period and several masterpieces by prominent artists such as Aleijadinho, Frei Agostinho da Piedade, Frei Agostinho de Jesus, Mestre Valentim, Mestre Ataíde, Almeida Júnior, and Benedito Calixto.

Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe opened in 2000 and is part of the City of Arts and Sciences.
The museum is dedicated to science, new technologies and the natural environment, and it houses exhibitions on the heritage of science, climate change, the human body and biometric data. The motto of the museum is: "It is forbidden: not to touch, feel or think".
It covers an area of over 42,000 square meters, of which 26,000 square meters are dedicated to exhibitions.

Inaugurated in September 2002, in Seia, at the heart of the Serra da Estrela mountains, the Bread Museum is today a landmark in Portuguese museology and the largest complex in the world dedicated to the theme. It is not a museum to simply look at – it is one to feel, to listen with your hands, to taste with your eyes, and to learn with your soul. The Bread Museum belongs to everyone who finds themselves in it. It is shared memory, heritage with the scent of warm bread from the oven.
This museum holds 12,000 years of human history through the most universal of all foods. Here, time slows down and echoes the footsteps of those who sowed, harvested, kneaded, and baked. The mills tell stories, and the ancestral act of making bread – simple, hard, essential – is revealed as one of civilisation’s greatest gestures.

Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (MNAC) opened in 1934, officially inaugurated in 2004.
The MNAC has the world's most important collection of Romanesque wall paintings. Its collections also cover subsequent periods: Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque up to contemporary art. In the museum you can see paintings by such masters as: Titian, Rubens, El Greco, Velázquez, Goya. The art of Catalonia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century is represented by the works of, for example, Ramon Casas. The entire collection is completed by: Cabinet of Drawings and Prints, Numismatic Cabinet of Catalonia.
There are nearly 300,000 works of art in total.

Museu Nacional da Imprensa, Jornais e Artes Gráficas (MNI, National Museum of the Press, Newspapers and Graphic Arts) founded in 1997.
MNI presents the historical processes of typesetting, printing and binding. The MNI has the International Cartoons Gallery.

Museu Nacional da República also called Honestino Guimarães Museu Nacional inaugurated in 2006.
Together with the National Library of Brasília, it is part of The Complexo Cultural da República.
Museu Nacional da República it is a space that inserts Brasília into the international arts circuit and shows the best in Brazilian art. The space is used for itinerant exhibitions by renowned artists and themes important to society, lectures, film shows, seminars and important events.
The most important temporary exhibitions to date include:
- Niemeyer & Niemeyer e Brasília - Patrimônio da Humanidade (2006),
- Imagens impressas: Um percurso histórico pelas gravuras da Coleção Itaú Cultural (2018).
The museum consists of an exhibition section divided into three floors connected by ramps and a mezzanine with an area of 14,500 square meters, two auditoriums with 780 seats and a laboratory.

The Museu Picasso opened in 1963.
The museum has over 4,000 works by the painter Pablo Picasso (1881-1973). The permanent exhibition features the artist's painting, drawing, engraving, and ceramics.
The Museu Picasso was the first museum in the world dedicated to the work of Pablo Picasso and the only one created during his lifetime.
The total area of the museum is over 12,000 square meters.

Museum Kimchikan opened in 1986 as the Kimchi Museum.
The museum is dedicated to kimchi, one of the foundations of Korean cuisine. Kimchi is a spicy dish made of fermented vegetables with a predominance of cabbage with toppings.
The museum is divided into three parts, the first presents the history of kimchi, the second shows how kimchi is prepared and what its nutritional benefits are, the third presents a multitude of historical and regional varieties.

Museum of Contemporary Art Australia (MCA) established 1991.
It collects contemporary art from Australia (has over 4,500 works by Australian artists) and around the world.

The Museum of Fine Arts opened to the public in 1906.
The collection is divided into 6 sections: ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome, painting (13th-18th century), sculpture (from the Middle Ages to the 17th century), drawings and prints, art after 1800.
The collection includes works by, among others, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Giorgione, Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, Tintoretto, Dürer, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Rubens, Frans Hals, El Greco, Velázquez, Goya, Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Baptiste -Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Auguste Rodin and Constantin Meunier.
The number of works of art in the museum exceeds 120,000.

Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870.
It has over 450,000 works of art from various periods from antiquity to the present day. The collection includes, among others, ancient Egyptian and Greek sculptures, Dutch painting of the seventeenth century, paintings of French impressionists, American art of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Japanese ceramics and woodcut.

Museum of Fine Arts founded in 1900.
It has over 70,000 exhibits in its collection from antiquity to the present day. The collection consists of art: European (e.g. Sandro Botticelli, Francisco Goya, Peter Paul Rubens, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Édouard Manet, Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh), American (e.g. Charles Willson Peale, Albert Bierstadt, Mary Cassatt , Georgia O'Keeffe, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol), Latin America (e.g. David Alfaro Siqueiros), Africa, Asia (e.g. Utamaro Kitagawa), Australia and Oceania, Islam, photography (e.g. Man Ray, Alfred Stieglitz).

Museum of Latin American Art of Buenos Aires (MALBA) established in 2001.
It collects and shares Latin American art from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. The collection has paintings, e.g. Kahlo, Rivera, Lam.

The Museum of Liverpool opened in 2011 and its predecessor the Museum of Liverpool Life in 1993.
The Museum of Liverpool is part of the National Museums Liverpool.
The Museum of Liverpool tells the story of the city and port.
There are more than 6,000 objects on display at the museum.
The museum building is 110 meters long, 60 meters wide and 26 meters high. The exhibition space in the building occupies 8,000 square meters.

Museum of Modern Art was founded in 1929.
Museum departments: architecture and design, painting and sculpture, graphics and book illustration, drawing, photography, film, media.
The collection includes works by: Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, Edward Hopper.
The MoMA library has a collection of 300,000 books primarily on the history of modern art.

The Museum of Modern Art © 2019 The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Photo: Brett Beyer

The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa founded in 1992.
The museum's collections include, among others, collections of Maori and Pacific cultures, a historical collection (e.g. New Zealand post archive with about 20,000 stamps), a collection of furniture and other antiques, natural history collections (e.g. fossils, herbarium [about 260,000], amphibians, reptiles, birds [about 70,000], mammals), the world's largest specimen of a rare colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni). The museum building has an area of ​​36,000 square meters.

The Museum of Science (MoS) deduces its history back to 1830.
Permanent exhibitions include sciences and topics such as: mathematics, astronomy, human biology, robotics, computers, spacecraft, electricity, renewable energy, nanotechnology, rocks and minerals, plants, dinosaurs, birds, butterflies, stuffed and living animals.
MoS has 700 models and interactive exhibits.
MoS also includes the indoor zoo, the Charles Hayden Planetarium, the Mugar Omni Theater, and IMAX.

Museum of Science and Industry opened in 1933.
In the museum you can see, among others:
- the first diesel-powered, streamlined stainless-steel train, the Pioneer Zephyr,
- 999 Empire State Express steam locomotive,
- a working, full-size replica of a hard coal mine,
- German submarine U-505 from World War II,
- the first Boeing 727 jet plane in commercial service,
- Apollo 8 spacecraft.
The entire collection includes more than 35,000 artifacts, of which more than 2,000 exhibits are displayed in 75 main rooms.
The museum has over 37,160 square meters of exhibition space.

The Museum of the History of Barcelona (MUHBA) opened in 1943.
MUHBA deals with the urban life of the city from its beginnings to the present day, i.e. over the last 2000 years.
The MUHBA on site:
MUHBA Casa Padellàs - House of the History of Barcelona
MUHBA Plaça de Rei
MUHBA Temple of Augustus
The Door of the Sea and the Dockside Thermal Baths
MUHBA Roman funeral Way
MUHBA The Domus Avignon
MUHBA The Domus of Sant Honorat
MUHBA El Call
MUHBA Santa Caterina
MUHBA Oliva Artés
MUHBA Good Shepherd
MUHBA Fabra and Coats
MUHBA House of Water
MUHBA Vil. la Joana
MUHBA Park Güell
MUHBA Shelter 307
MUHBA Turó de la Rovira
MUHBA Collections Center

Museum of Tomorrow (Museu do Amanhã) was opened in 2015.
The main exhibition is divided into Cosmos, Earth, Anthropocene, Tomorrow, and Us.
The museum covers an area of 15,000 square meters, with the surrounding pools, gardens, bicycle path, and leisure area 34,600 square meters.

Photo credits: Albert Andrade

Museum Siam, Discovery Museum under the National Discovery Museum Institute (NDMI), is the first discovery museum that focuses on making visitors gain new experience while visiting a museum. Museum Siam is built as a model for a pleasurable learning center and raises the standard of new learning methods for Thai citizens, especially children and youth. It is the place to develop conscience in knowing themselves, neighbors, and the world. The creation of a “brand-new notion and image” of a museum in a learning society, through modern technology and creative activities, is to make learning histories and stories more interesting and enjoyable. The new learning is composed of Main Exhibition, Special Exhibitions, and Creative Learning Activities

Museums Victoria (MV) founded in 1854.
The MV includes, among others: Melbourne Museum, Immigration Museum, Scienceworks, Royal Exhibition Building, Bunjilaka Aboriginal Cultural Center. The MV collection includes, among others, paleontology, zoology, artifacts of traditional indigenous cultures of Australia and the Pacific. The entire collection is over 17 million exhibits.

Muzium Negara (National Museum) opened in 1963.
The exhibitions focus on the history of Malaysia, Islamic art, traditional crafts, fauna and flora of the Malay Peninsula.
The museum covers over 4,170 square meters.
In 1974, a wooden palace called Istana Satu from 1884 was moved and restored to the museum grounds.

The Mysore Palace was the official residence of the Princely State of Mysore.
The palace was built in the years 1897-1912 in the Indian-Saracenic style.
Palace dimensions; length 74.7 meters, width 47.5 meters, height 44.2 meters.
The Residential Museum is located in the palace complex.
In the palace, you can see, among others: a jeweled golden throne and a golden howdah (elephant seat).

The predecessor of the Nanjing Museum was the preparatory department of the National Central Museum, which was founded in 1933.
Nanjing Museum covers an area of ​​85,000 square meters. The museum has over 400,000 exhibits in its permanent collection. The most important exhibit of the collection is full-size armor made of small jade tiles connected with silver wire.
The museum's collections are presented in twelve exhibition halls:
- Qin garden
- Earthen Ware Hall
- Treasure room
- Folk Art Hall
- Bronze room
- China Ming and Qing Hall
- Wu Weishan sculpture hall
- Hall of ancient paintings
- Modern Art Hall
- Jiangnan Silk Product Hall
- Jade Hall
- Lacquer Hall

National Air and Space Museum part of the Smithsonian Institution, open since 1976. He makes public about 80% of his 50,000 exhibits. The most important of them are:
- the world's first Flyer I engine plane constructed in 1903 by the Wright brothers
- Spirit of St. Louis, which the American pilot Charles Lindbergh made in 1927 the first single stopover flight from North America to Europe
- built from original components acquired during World War II, the German V2 rocket
- Columbia command module (orbital) from the Apollo 11 mission, during which the first human landing on the moon took place
- Discovery space shuttle
- supersonic Concorde passenger plane

A view of the "America by Air" gallery; National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian

The National Archaeological Museum was founded in 1829.
The entire collections are divided into:
- collection of prehistoric antiques (Neolithic, Cycladic and Mycenaean)
- collection of ancient Greek sculptures (7th century BC - 5th century AD)
- vase and minerals collection (11th century BC - Roman era)
- metallurgical works collection
- collection of Egyptian and Eastern Antiquities (5000 BC - Roman era)
The National Archaeological Museum has in its collection, among others, the golden Mask of Agamemnon and the bronze statue of Zeus or Poseidon.
The collection consists of over 11,000 exhibits.
The museum covers an area of 8,000 square meters.

The National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT) was opened in 2007.
NACT does not have its own collection, permanent exhibition. Curators of NACT organizes temporary exhibitions and sponsored presentations, sometimes with other organizations.
NACT's exhibition space is 14,000 square meters.

The National Folk Museum of Korea is a museum that represents daily life and culture of Korea and is visited by more than two million people every year. We provide educational and cultural opportunities to better understand and experience the traditional Korean lifestyle. Since its establishment in 1946, the National Museum of Anthropology has primarily investigated and researched Korean folk culture, while having has acquired, preserved, and exhibited Korean folk cultural artifacts. Over the years, we have held permanent and special exhibitions, published reports, while also having conducted lectures and other public education programs. Now, in keeping with the paradigm for museums in the 21st century that require them to be more responsive to the public and take an open and specialized approach, we are striving to expand our visitor base and reach out to visitors more effectively.

National Galleries of Scotland organized in 1985. Brings together:
Scottish National Gallery,
Scottish National Portrait Gallery,
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art,
Paxton House,
Duff House,
Granton Center for Art.
Has nearly 100,000 esponates in its collection, which includes works by artists such as Titian, Rembrandt, Picasso, Hockney, and Warhol.

National Gallery was founded in 1824. You can see 2,300 images there.
The most famous works:
- Leonardo da Vinci "Madonna in the Grotto"
- Vincent van Gogh "Sunflowers"
- Rembrandt van Rijn "Bathing woman"
- Caravaggio "Supper in Emmaus"

The National Gallery of Art, founded as a gift to the nation, serves as a center of visual art, education, and culture. Our collection of more than 150,000 paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, photographs, prints, and drawings spans the history of Western art and showcases some of the triumphs of human creativity. Across 363 days a year, the National Gallery offers a full spectrum of special exhibitions and public programs free of charge.

National Gallery of Australia (NGA) founded in 1967, opened to the public in 1982.
Some NGA collections:
- Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art (the largest in the world)
- Australian art (non-Indigenous), works by e.g. Sidney Nolan, Grace Cossington Smith, Margaret Preston, Arthur Boyd, Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin
- Western art, works by e.g. Paul Cézanne, Pablo Picasso, Mark Rothko, David Hockney
- Pacific art
- Asian art
- Sculpture garden, works by e.g. Auguste Rodin, Henry Moore
The NGA has over 155,000 works of art.
The NGA building has 23,000 square meters of floor space.

The National Gallery of Ireland opened to the public in 1864.
It has collections of European and Irish art in its collection. It includes the works of, among others Titian, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Velázquez, Rubens, van Dyck, Reynolds, Delacroix, Monet, Picasso, Jack Butler Yeats.
The entire collection comprises approximately 14,000 works of art, including approximately 2,500 oil paintings, 5,000 prints and 5,000 drawings.

The National Gallery of Victoria was founded in 1861.
It consists of two sections: the NGV International art gallery and the NGV Australia art gallery.
At NGV International you can see the works of such masters as Rembrandt, Titian, and Manet.
Whereas NGV Australia presents the art of Aborigines and Australian painters representing different periods, from classic colonial painters, through Australian Impressionists to contemporary artists.

The National Gallery Prague (Národní galerie Praha, NGP) was established in 1796 by a group of Czech aristocrats and intellectuals who formed the Society of Patriotic Friends of the Arts. This makes it one of the oldest public art institutions in Europe. The gallery officially opened to the public in 1796.
The National Gallery Prague houses a vast and diverse collection of artworks spanning different periods, styles, and regions. Its collections include:
1. Old Masters (Medieval to Baroque Art)
- Gothic Art from Bohemia and Central Europe (14th–16th centuries)
- Renaissance and Baroque paintings, including works by Titian, Tintoretto, Rubens, Rembrandt, and El Greco
- Notable pieces from Czech and European masters like Hans von Aachen and Petr Brandl
2. 19th-Century Art (Neoclassicism to Romanticism)
- Works by Czech painters such as Josef Mánes, Antonín Mánes, and Václav Brožík
- European artists, including Francisco Goya and Eugène Delacroix
3. Modern and Contemporary Art (20th & 21st Century)
- Czech Cubism, featuring Bohumil Kubišta and Emil Filla
- Abstract and avant-garde movements, including works by František Kupka
- Surrealism, with artists like Toyen and Jindřich Štyrský
- International modernists, including Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
4. Asian and Non-European Art
- Chinese and Japanese art, including calligraphy, ceramics, and Buddhist sculptures
- Indian and Islamic art collections
5. Contemporary Installations and Exhibitions
- Rotating exhibits featuring contemporary Czech and international artists
The National Gallery Prague's collections are displayed across multiple buildings, including the Trade Fair Palace, Schwarzenberg Palace, Sternberg Palace, the Convent of St. Agnes of Bohemia, Salm Palace, Kinský Palace, and the Wallenstein Riding School. Each venue specializes in different periods and styles of art.
The National Gallery Prague boasts an extensive collection of over 400,000 artworks, making it the largest art repository in the Czech Republic.
The National Gallery Prague encompasses multiple historic buildings, collectively offering an exhibition space of approximately 33,000 square meters.

National Gallery Prague, Veletrzni palac, photo Tomas Slavik

National Gallery Singapore was founded in 2015.
The collection of over 8,000 works of art is presented on an area of ​​64,000 square meters.
The National Gallery Singapore exhibits works of artists from Singapore and Southeast Asia from the 19th to the 21st century.


National Gallery Singapore, Link Bridges at the Padang Atrium

National Historical Museum (Museo Histórico Nacional) was established in 1889. It officially opened to the public in 1891.
The National Historical Museum houses a vast collection of artifacts that chronicle Argentina’s history, focusing primarily on the country's struggle for independence and the 19th century. Key highlights of its collections include:
1. Historical Artifacts and Memorabilia
- Weapons: Swords, sabers, and guns used during the independence wars.
- Flags and Banners: National flags, including those used by revolutionary armies.
- Military Uniforms: Uniforms of key figures like General José de San Martín and other military leaders.
2. Personal Belongings of National Heroes
- Items that belonged to José de San Martín, Manuel Belgrano, and Juan Manuel de Rosas, among others.
- San Martín's saber: One of the museum’s most treasured items.
3. Documents and Manuscripts
- Original letters, decrees, and proclamations from the independence era.
- Treaties and correspondence between revolutionary leaders.
4. Fine Art Collection
- Paintings depicting significant moments in Argentine history, such as battles and revolutionary events.
- Works by renowned Argentine artists like Cándido López, who documented the Paraguayan War (War of the Triple Alliance) through his paintings.
5. Furniture and Everyday Items
- 19th-century furniture from notable homes and public buildings.
- Items showcasing daily life during Argentina’s formative years.
6. Religious and Cultural Artifacts
- Religious items, including crosses and church relics, reflecting the role of the Catholic Church in Argentina’s history.
7. Numismatics and Medals
- Coins, medals, and currency from Argentina’s early years as a nation.
8. Archaeological Artifacts
- Pre-Columbian artifacts from various indigenous cultures, offering insight into Argentina’s history before colonization.
The National Historical Museum has a collection of approximately 50,000 artifacts, about 4,000 artifacts are on display.
The museum complex, including its gardens and exhibition spaces, covers approximately 4,000 square meters. The exhibition area itself is around 1,600 square meters.

National Maritime Museum opened in 2012.
The exhibitions focus on all aspects of marine and ocean life, from sea creatures to the history of the maritime industry based on 5,000 years of maritime culture. In the museum, you can see, among others, a replica of the Ship of Joseon Envoy.
Over 12,000 artefacts are presented at the exhibitions.
The museum covers an area of 45,444 square meters, including a total floor area of 25,870 square meters.

The National Museum Bangkok has been open since 1874.
The permanent exhibitions at the museum are divided into three parts:
1. The Thai History Gallery,
2. The Archeological and Art History Collections,
3. The Decorative Arts and Ethnological Collection.
In the museum you can see, among others: The King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription, royal coats of arms and insignia, ivory carvings, shadow puppets, Khon masks.

The National Museum in Krakow (NMK) was established in 1879.
The museum has a collection of works of Polish, European and non-European art, including:
- Leonardo da Vinci "Lady with an Ermine"
- Rembrandt "Landscape with the Good Samaritan"
The NMK has 12 branches and over 900,000 exhibits.

https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2021/12/informacja-publiczna-w-tzw-muzeum.html

The National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) belongs to the Smithsonian Institution, opened to the public in 2016.
The museum building has an area of ​​33,000 square meters.
NMAAHC has in its collection over 40,000 exhibits, of which about 3,500 exhibits are exhibited. The museum presents African American history, art, music. One of the most pipular exhibits was the 1953 Jacqueline Bouvier wedding dress when she got married to John F. Kennedy, a trumpet that belonged to jazz musician Louis Armstrong, Muhammad Ali's boxing gloves.

The National Museum of American History as part of the Smithsonian Institution was opened in 1964 as the Museum of History and Technology. The museum collects, preserves and exposes the US heritage in the aspect of social, political, cultural, scientific and military history. Among the items presented is the original banner with the stars - a flag that fluttered over Fort McHenry in the port of Baltimore during the maritime part of the Battle of Baltimore during the war in 1812.

The National Museum of Anthropology has been open since 1964.
Exposition area: 44,000 square meters.
In the museum you can see archaeological and ethnographic collections from 2500 BC to the present day.

The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (National Museum, Nasjonalmuseet, NaM) was established in 1837 as the National Museum. The new National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design opened in 2022 (https://www.museumworldranking.net/news/the-national-museum-of-norway-announces-forthcoming-exhibition-programme-following-anticipated-opening-in-june-2022,125).
The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design consists of:
- National Museum (collection of Norwegian Romantic Nationalism paintings, collection of works by Edvard Munch with the first version of "The Scream" from 1893, collection of graphics and drawings with works by, among others, Durer, Rafael, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van Gogh)
- National Museum - Architecture (collection consisting of over 300,000 architectural drawings, models, photographic documentation from the period from the 1830s to the present day)
- Villa Stenersen (an example of Norwegian functionalism designed in 1937-1939)
The entire collection includes 400,000 objects.
The total area is over 54,600 square meters, of which 10,000 square meters is the exhibition area.

Photo: Iwan Baan

The National Museum of Australia was established in 1980.
The National Historical Collection, which is the core of the museum's collection, includes more than 210,000 items illustrating the history and cultural heritage of Australia. The museum has the world's largest collection of Aboriginal bark paintings and stone tools. In the museum you can see, among others: navigation instruments used by Captain James Cook and Holey Dollar, the first currency minted in Australia.

The museum was founded in 2003 by merging two museums: Museum of the Chinese Revolution and National Museum of Chinese History.
The permanent exhibition consists of over one million exhibits.
The most important are "Simuwu Ding" from the Shang Dynasty, the square shaped Shang Dynasty bronze zun, jade burial suits sewn with gold thread from Han Dynasty and Song Dynasty ceramics. The museum has a unique numismatic collection.

The National Museum of Colombia (Museo Nacional de Colombia) founded in 1823 is one of the oldest in the Americas.
The art collection includes works by Colombian artists such as Andrés de Santa María, Santiago Martínez Delgado, Gustavo Arcila Uribe, Fernando Botero as well as Latin American and European art. The museum's collection includes a treasury of pre-Columbian goldsmiths, a coat of one of the wives of the Inca emperor Atahualpa, a banner used by Francisco Pizarro during the conquest of Peru, a crown of gold, diamonds and pearls given to Simón Bolívar in Cuzco in 1825.
The museum has a collection of over 20,000 artifacts, of which about 2,500 are presented at exhibitions.
An area of 3,000 square meters.

The National Museum of Contemporary Art Athens (EMST) has been operating since 2000.
The EMST collection includes works by Greek and international artists such as Stephen Antonakos, Chryssa, Marina Abramović, Nam June Paik. It is painting, sculpture, graphics, photography. video, installations, industrial design, new media from the second half of the 20th century and modern times.

The National Museum of Denmark (Nationalmuseet) founded in 1807.
It has collections from all over the world from the earliest times to the present day. In the museum from the area of Denmark you can see, among others: the Trundholm sun chariot from the Nordic Bronze Age, the Veksø helmets (a pair of ceremonial helmets with horns from the Bronze Age), runic stones.

The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) officially opens to the public in 2021. One of the most important moments related to the opening of the museum was the ceremonial procession known as the "Golden Parade of the Pharaohs", in which 22 royal mummies were transferred to NMEC from the Egyptian Museum in the center of Cairo, including 18 kings (e.g. Ramesses II) and 4 queens (e.g. Hatshepsut).
NMEC has a collection of exhibits that cover the entire history of Egyptian civilization - from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum's collections are divided into different historical and thematic periods (e.g. the Gallery of Royal Mummies), giving a comprehensive picture of Egypt's cultural development. The main collection categories include:
1. Prehistoric period - exhibits from before the invention of writing, including tools, ceramics, decorations and everyday objects.
2. Pharaonic period - a rich collection from the times of ancient Egypt, including, among others, statues, jewelry, sarcophagi, tomb and temple paintings, and artifacts related to religious rituals.
3. Greco-Roman period - exhibits from the period when Egypt was under the rule of the Greeks and Romans, including sculptures, coins, ceramics and other objects of Hellenistic and Roman culture.
4. Coptic period - objects from early Christian times, including icons, textiles, manuscripts and liturgical objects.
5. Islamic period - a collection showing the development of Islamic culture in Egypt, including ceramics, weapons, coins, textiles and calligraphy.
6. Contemporary period - exhibits on the recent history of Egypt up to the present day, showing the social, cultural and political development of the country.
NMEC has a collection of approximately 50,000 items. Currently, approximately 5,000 exhibits are presented in museum exhibitions.
NMEC's exhibition area is over 23,000 square meters.

National Museum of Ethiopia (NME) founded in 1958.
The most important exhibits:
- Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis), fossilized remains of an early hominin, 3.18 million years ago
- Selam (Australopithecus afarensis), fossilized remains of an early hominin, 3.3 million years ago
- Ethiopian Crown
- Throne of Emperor Haile Selassie
The NME has around 4,000 exhibits.

The National Museum of Finland (Suomen kansallismuseo) opened to the public in 1916.
Permanent exhibitions: Prehistory, Otherland (history from the 11th to the beginning of the 20th century), Story of Finland (the independence era), Playtime (practical opportunity to experience things and study history).
The entire collection includes approximately 3.5 million exhibits.
The exhibition area is over 3,100 square meters.

Photo is taken by: Omar El Mrabt

The National Museum of History (MNH) was opened to the public in Castillo de Chapultepec in 1944.
The exhibitions show the history of Mexico, from the conquest of Spain, through the colonial era, the war of independence, to the revolution of 1910.

National Museum of India founded in 1949.
Its collections include artifacts covering over 5000 years of history, from the prehistoric era to modern works of art. The museum has 206,000 objects in its collections.
It is divided into collections:
Pre - Histroic Archaeology
Archaeology
Anthropology
Paintings (mainly miniature painting)
Arms & Armour
Central Asian Antiquities
Decorative Arts
Manuscripts
Numismatic & Epigraphy
Pre-Columbian & Western Art

The National Museum of Indonesia (MusNas) dates back to 1778.
Museum collections of archeology, ceramics, ethnography, numismatics cover almost the entire history of Indonesia. Particularly noteworthy are the collection of stone statues from the classical Hindu-Buddhist period of ancient Java and Sumatra and the collection of Chinese ceramics dating from the Han (2nd century BC) to Qing times (18th century).
MusNas stores nearly 200,000 artifacts in its collection.
MusNas covers an area of 26,500 square meters.

The National Museum of Ireland (NMI) was established in 1877 as a state museum.
The exhibits collected in the museum come from prehistoric times to the present day, including: gold products from the Bronze and Iron Ages, early medieval Celtic metalwork (e.g. the Derrynaflan treasure), items from the Viking and Middle Ages, well-preserved marsh bodies and the Ralaghan Man, extinct mammals, contemporary design.
NMI has four branches.
The entire collection includes almost 4,000,000 items.

The National Museum of Korea was founded in 1909 as the Imperial Household Museum.
It has over 310,000 exhibits, on 307 227 square meters of exhibition space. One of the most important artifacts is the golden crown of Silla and the 10-story pagoda of the Gyeongcheons Temple.

The National Museum of Marine Science and Technology (NMMST) officially opened to the public in 2014.
NMMST's interests focus on marine science, technology, ecology, and culture.
The parts of the Museum Complex are the Main Exhibition Building, Ocean Theater, Regional Exploration Building, Research and Collection Center, Chaojing Intelligent Ocean (iOcean).
NMMST is part of a larger entity called Marine Education and Tourist Park.
It covers an area of over 500,000 square meters.

National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art established in 1969.
It has 4 locations in Gwacheon, Seoul, Deoksugung, Cheongju.
MMCA presents modern Korean and contemporary art from around the world. You can see works there, among others, Nam June Paik and Andy Warhol.
Around 7,000 works of art are stored at the headquarters in Gwacheon.

MMCA Gwacheon © Park Jung Hoon

The National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Algiers (MaMa) was opened in 2007.
MaMa collects works of art in the field of painting, sculpture, graphics, photography, video, new media, industrial design from 1905 to the present day.

National Museum of Modern Art (MoMAK) established in 1963.
It collects works of art from the 20th and 21st centuries.
MoMAK has in its collection works by such artists as: Tomioka Tessai, Wassily Kandinsky, Georges Braque, Tsuguharu Fujita, Marc Chagall, Barbara Hepworth, and David Hockney.
The total area of MoMAK is 9761.99 square meters, of which 2604.94 square meters is the exhibition space.

The National Museum of Natural History is part of the Smithsonian Institution. It was founded in 1910.
Currently, exhibition and public space covers 30,200 square meters.
It has more than 126 million specimens of minerals, rocks, meteorites, fossils, plants, animals, human bones and artifacts.

The National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) was founded in 1635 as a royal garden of medicinal plants, formally founded in 1793. It has 68 million specimens in its collection.
MNHN is divided into:
Garden of plants
- Gallery of Evolution
- Cabinet of Virtual reality
- Paleontology and comparative Anatomy Gallery
- Mineralogy and Geology Gallery
- Botanical Gallery
- Grandes Serres du Jardin des Plantes
- Ménagerie, the zoo of the Jardin des Plantes
- Amphithéâtre Verniquet
- Grande Galerie de l’Évolution Auditorium
- Children’s Gallery
Museum of mankind
Zoological park of Paris
Versailles Chèvreloup Arboretum
Haute-Touche animal reserve
Jean-Henri Fabre museum
Botanical garden Val Rahmeh-Menton
Pataud shelter
Concarneau Marine Biology Station and Marinarium
La Jaÿsinia alpin garden
Paléosite de Sansan

Musém national d'Histoire naturelle © F-G Grandin MNHN

The National Museum of Natural Science was founded in 1986.
The museum's collection consists of over 550,000 exhibits.
The collections are divided into departments of geology, botany, zoology, and anthropology.

The National Museum of Nature and Science opened in 1871. It has over 10,000 exhibits in its collection. The museum focuses on natural history and interactive scientific experience. The most famous exhibits are: the crafted faithful dog Hachiko, fragment of the Nantan meteorite that fell on China in the 16th century, a mummy from the Japanese Edo period (1603-1868), an original WWII fighter.

The National Museum of Saudi Arabia situated on King Faisal Road in the al-Murabba district and part of the King Abdulaziz Historical Centre, the museum officially opened on 23 January 1999 to mark the centennial of Saudi Arabia’s founding.
Designed by Canadian architect Raymond Moriyama, the museum draws inspiration from the red desert sands and Najdi architectural motifs, featuring sweeping limestone walls that evoke both Riyadh’s landscape and its spiritual direction toward Mecca.
Museum Layout & Exhibitions
Divided into eight permanent halls, the museum presents a chronological narrative of Saudi and Arabian history:
1. Man and the Universe – Prehistoric life, fossils, meteorites.
2. Arabian Kingdoms – Artifacts from pre-Islamic civilizations like Dilmun and Thamud.
3. Pre-Islamic Era – Cultural practices and script evolution before Islam.
4. Prophet’s Mission – Life of Prophet Muhammad; includes manuscripts and family lineage displays.
5. Islam and the Arabian Peninsula – Islamic history through the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
6. First & Second Saudi States – Models of Diriyah and insights into early Saudi governance.
7. Unification of the Kingdom – King Abdulaziz’s role in forming modern Saudi Arabia.
8. Hajj & Two Holy Mosques – Models and explanations of religious importance in Mecca and Medina.
Exhibits include life-sized skeletons, dioramas, meteorite fragments, a Nabatean tomb reconstruction, Islamic manuscripts, and multimedia installations such as touchscreens and films.
The National Museum of Saudi Arabia houses approximately 4,413 archaeological and historical artifacts in its collection, displayed across around 221 display cabinets.
The main building of the National Museum of Saudi Arabia covers about 37,080 m². Meanwhile, external estimates suggest a total site or footprint area closer to 17,000 m², with some sources citing about 28,000 m²—likely reflecting slightly different definitions (such as including auxiliary spaces or outdoor areas).

The National Museum of Serbia was founded in 1844.
The collections of the National Museum of Serbia include:
1. Art
- European and Serbian paintings: The collection includes works by artists such as Monet, Cézanne, Van Gogh, Picasso and Serbian masters such as Nadežda Petrović, Paja Jovanović and Uroš Predić.
- Icons and Sacred Art: Collection of Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons related to the Orthodox tradition of Serbia.
2. Archeology
- Artifacts from the prehistoric era: Objects dating back to the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron periods, including famous finds from the Vinča culture.
- Ancient collections: A rich collection of sculptures, ceramics, jewelry and coins from the times of ancient Greece, Rome e.g. the Belgrade Cameo (2nd - 4th century AD) and bronze bust of Roman emperor Constantine the Great (around 325), and the Byzantine Empire.
3. Numismatics
- The museum has one of the largest numismatic collections in the Balkans, with coins and medals from antiquity to modern times. There are Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Serbian medieval, Ottoman and European coins.
4. Sculpture and applied art
- Sculptures from antiquity to modern art, with particular emphasis on Serbian and European sculpture.
- Applied art includes items such as ceramics, jewelry, fabrics and everyday objects from various eras.
5. Modern and contemporary art
- Works by contemporary Serbian and European artists, including paintings, sculptures and installations.
6. Ethnography
- Collections related to the material culture of the peoples living in the Balkans, including folk costumes, tools and objects of everyday use.
The National Museum of Serbia has over 400,000 exhibits in its collection, and about 3,000 items are displayed in the museum's permanent exhibitions.
The permanent exhibitions of the National Museum of Serbia cover an area of approximately 5,000 square meters.

The National Museum of Singapore opened in 1887.
The collections consist of artifacts related to the history of Singapore, such as the approximately 1,000-year-old Singapore Stone with inscriptions in Old Hawaiian or Sanskrit, and 14th century gold ornaments discovered at nearby Fort Canning Hill in 1928.

The National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) was established in 1989 as part of the Smithsonian Institution. It includes: NMAI at the National Mall in Washington, the George Gustav Heye Center (GGHC) in New York, the Cultural Resources Center (CRC) in Suitland, Maryland.
The museum is dedicated to the culture of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, especially North American Indians.
The collection includes over 800,000 objects, archives and media, as well as over 125,000 photos.

National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense revolves around a series of concepts from the beginning of Iran's history until present times; the first hall is exclusively about the Islamic revolution and the next six ones are related to the Holy Defense (Iran-Iraq war 1980-1988). Through the use of visual and conceptual media, these halls display the chronology of developments in Iran and present a totally new definition of the concept of museums.

National Museum of the Philippines created in 1901.
The National Museum Complex in Manila includes the National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, and National Planetarium.
In the National Museum of the Philippines, among the National Cultural Treasures on display you can find: Manunggul Burial Jar from the Neolithic period, Butuan Balangay Boat dated 320 AD which is the first balangay excavated by the National Museum of the Philippines, astrolabes recovered from the wreckage of the San Diego galleon.
The National Museum of the Philippines manages over a dozen regional museums located all over the Philippines, and regional museums have a dozen more a regional branches.

The National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasynyń Ulttyq mýzeıі) opened in 2014. It is one of the largest museums in Central Asia.
The museum presents the history and culture of Kazakhstan from prehistoric times to the present day. Permanent exhibitions include:
- Central entrance - Atrium
- Hall of Astana
- Hall of History
- Hall of Ancient and Medieval History
- Hall of Gold 1
- Hall of Gold 2
- Hall of Kazakhstan Independence
- Ethnography hall
- Hall of Modern Art 1
- Hall of Modern Art 2
The symbol of Kazakhstan stored in the museum is the so-called "Golden Man" - these are the remains of an ancient ruler - a warrior in golden robes discovered near Almaty.
The number of museum objects is about 220,000.
The museum complex has an area of 74,000 square meters, of which the exhibition halls occupy 14,000 square meters.

The National Museum of the U.S. Air Force has faced controversy mainly over serious collection mismanagement in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when internal audits and investigations revealed that thousands of artifacts had gone missing, been improperly disposed of, or stolen, including historically significant items. A former museum official was implicated, and weak record-keeping, poor oversight, and inactive advisory boards were criticized by investigators and veterans’ groups. Although reforms were reportedly introduced afterward, the episode damaged public trust and highlighted broader ethical and accountability challenges in managing military heritage.
Director David Tillotson

National Museum of the Village "Dimitrie Gusti" (Muzeul National al Satului "Dimitrie Gusti") founded in 1936.
On the premises of the museum there are farms, peasant houses, craft workshops, Orthodox churches, a chapel, an inn with interior furnishings such as furniture, ceramics, fabrics, tools. Most of the buildings are 17th to 20th century originals from all over Romania.
The permanent exhibition includes 123 separate complexes, which include 363 architectural monuments and over 50,000 artifacts.
The exhibition area is approximately 12.5 ha.

The National Museum of Western Art was opened in 1959.
He collects art from Western countries from the Renaissance to the 20th century. It has about 4500 exhibits.

National museum (Národní muzeum) founded in 1818, located in several buildings in Prague and beyond.
Museum collections: Asian cultures, ethnographic, non-European ethnography, numismatic, non-European numismatics, Middle East and Africa in Antiquity, photographic of the Náprstek Museum, Náprstek inventory, Náprstek Museum archives, musical instruments, Department of Music History, Antonín Dvořák Museum, Bedřich Smetana Museum, book, book culture, manuscripts and early prints, historical journals, entomological, archeology, classical archeology, historical, theater, Museum of the Workers' Movement in the National Museum Archives, modern Czech history, Museum of the Workers' Movement, National Museum Archives, Czechoslovak Documentation Center, Department of the History of Physical Education and Sports - 3D objects, photo archive of the Department of the History of Physical Training and Sports, archives of the history of physical education and sports, paleontological, lichenological, anthropology, botanical and herbarium, mycological, geological, cut gemstones, petrographic, tektites, meteorites, mineralogical, mammals, fishes, invertebrates, excluding insects, amphibians and reptiles, birds.
All collections include over 20 million items.

The National Museums Scotland (NMS) was formed in 1985, however, it originates from the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland founded in 1780.
The museum consists of:
- National Museum of Scotland
- National Museum of Flight
- National War Museum
- National Museum of Rural Life
- National Museums Collection Centre
The exhibitions display 8,000 exhibits, mainly Scottish archaeological monuments but also objects from around the world in the fields of geology, natural history, art as well as science and technology.

The National Palace Museum was originally created as the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City in 1925.
The permanent collection consists of nearly 700,000 exhibits of ancient Chinese artifacts and works of art collected by Chinese emperors. The museum has Chinese calligraphy, porcelain, bronze, paintings, jade. The museum collections present art from the Neolithic era to the present day.

National Palace Museum of Korea founded in 1908 as the Korean Imperial Museum. The museum occupies in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul. In its collection, the museum has over 40,000 artifacts from the time of Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire.

Founded in 1856, the National Portrait Gallery tells the story of Britain through portraits, using art to bring history to life and explore living today. From global icons, to unsung heroes, our Collection is filled with the stories that have shaped, and continue to shape a nation. We celebrate the power of portraiture and offer encounters with some of the world’s greatest and most exciting new artists, promoting engagement with portraiture in all media to a wide- ranging public by conserving, growing and sharing the world’s largest collection of portraits.

National Portrait Gallery Forecourt, photo © Olivier Hess

Established in 1962, the National Portrait Gallery is part of the Smithsonian Institution.
The National Portrait Gallery tells the history of America by presenting portraits of famous Americans - politicians, artists, scientists, explorers. It has, among other things, a representative collection of portraits of American presidents.
The National Portrait Gallery has gathered over 23,000 objects.


National Portrait Gallery Building by Tony Powell, 2019

The National Portrait Gallery has been operating as an unassisted institution since 1998.
The national collection of portraits includes about 3,000 photographs, paintings, sculptures, drawings and multimedia.

The National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM) opened to the public in 1997.
NSTM covers an area of 19 hectares, the area of one floor is 112,400 square meters. It presents 18 permanent exhibitions in separate halls. Permanent exhibitions are devoted to: industrial history, air navigation and aerospace, biological technology, clothing and textiles, healthy living, food industry, energy conservation, machines, utilization of water resources, transportation, the diseases prevention.

National September 11 Memorial & Museum opened to the public in 2014.
The monument and museum in New York commemorate the attacks of September 11, 2001.
The museum collection includes, among others, over 40,000 paintings and 14,000 artifacts.

The National Space Museum, a facility under the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). Located at the Obasanjo Space Centre on Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Expressway in Abuja, the museum serves as a gateway to understanding the nation's space endeavours and the broader universe.
A significant development for the museum is a public-private partnership with Milky-Way Visuals Ltd., the commercial arm of NASRDA. This collaboration is set to transform the museum into a world-class facility, complete with a state-of-the-art planetarium. The N3.5 billion project, financed by private investment, aims to enhance the visitor experience through cutting-edge technology, interactive science exhibits, and robust educational programs.
Unveiling Nigeria's Space Saga: The Exhibits
The museum's collection is designed to chronicle Nigeria's space journey and inspire future generations. Information points to several key attractions:
Real-time Satellite Visualization: This interactive exhibit is a major draw, allowing visitors to see real-time data and visualizations of satellites in orbit, including Nigeria's own fleet like NigeriaSat-2, NigeriaSat-X etc. This display offers insight into the different types of satellites, their orbits, and their critical functions in communications, remote sensing, and more.
The Astronomy Corner: Delving into the wonders of the universe, this section provides an engaging and interactive learning experience about celestial objects. Visitors can expect to learn about stars, galaxies, planets, and other phenomena that populate the cosmos.
Showcasing Nigerian Satellites: The museum undoubtedly features exhibits detailing Nigeria's satellite missions, from the launch of NigeriaSat-1 to the latest advancements. These displays include models of Nigerian satellites and information on their contributions to national development in areas such as agriculture, security, and disaster management etc.
Interactive Learning: In line with the partnership with Milky-Way Visuals, the museum features a strong emphasis on interactive and hands-on learning experiences. This includes the development of educational materials and the hosting of STEM workshops for all ages, aimed at fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of space science and technology.

The National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) was founded in 1956.
NTSEC deals with broadly understood scientific education. It presents permanent and temporary exhibitions mainly in the field of natural and earth sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry and materials science.

The National Textile Museum opened to the public in 2010.
The museum is divided into four galleries:
1. Pohon Budi Gallery presents the origin of textiles from prehistoric times to the present day and their development through trade,
2. Pelangi Gallery, among others, various types of batiks and their development over the years.
3. Teluk Berantai Galery, among others, a collection of gold embroidery, embroidered applications on velvet and silk,
4. Ratna Sari Gallery, Malay, Chinese, Indian and other ethnic artisan jewelry.
It covers an area of 3,145.3 square meters.

The history of the Nationalmuseum dates back to 1792.
Collections include:
- paintings, sculptures, drawings and graphics from 1500-1900, including the 17th-century Rembrandt collection
- portraits from the early Middle Ages to the present day
- the world's largest collection of portrait miniatures, with over 5,200 works
- porcelain collections
- modern art
- applied art and design
The collections number approximately 700,000 objects, of which 500,000 are drawings.

Nationalmuseum Stockholm, interior Upper Staircase. Photo Anna Danielsson, Nationalmuseum

Natural History Museum opened in 1881.
The collection includes over 80 million exhibits and is divided into:
- mineralogy
- botany
- entomology
- paleontology
- zoology


Photo copyright Natural History Museum

The Natural History Museum - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science (Museum für Naturkunde [MfN] - Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung) dates back to 1810.
MfN is one of the world's most important research institutions in the field of biological and geoscientific evolution and biodiversity.
MfN has in its collections, inter alia, the largest mounted dinosaur in the world (a Giraffatitan skeleton) and the largest piece of amber in the world.
MfN stores over 30 million objects in the field of zoology, palaeontology, geology and mineralogy, of which 0.02% is exhibited.
The exhibition area is 4,400 square meters.

Dinosaur Hall in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, visible, among others, a fragment of a Giraffatitan brancai skeleton. Photo: Thomas Rosenthal

The Natural History Museum (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, NHM) opened to the public in 1889.
The entire collection consists of about 30 million objects. Of which over 100,000 objects are on display in 39 rooms with an area of 8,460 square meters.
The collection includes, among others:
- the Venus of Willendorf, about 29,500 years old
- a sea mermaid that became extinct more than 200 years ago
- dinosaur skeletons such as diplodocus, allosaurus and iguanodon
- complete skeletons of large mammals, such as Deinotherium (hoe tusker)
- the largest and oldest meteorite collection in the world, with the Martian meteorite "Tissint"

© NHM Vienna, Kurt Kracher

NEMO Science Museum was opened in 1997, however it dates back to 1923.
Exhibitions are devoted to electricity and electrical engineering as well as DNA, chain reaction, production line, water cycle, human mind, metals, buildings and business. Part of the exhibition is a large science laboratory.
Consists of the NEMO Science Museum, The Studio, and NEMO Depot. It has a NEMO Schiphol branch at Amsterdam-Schiphol airport.
The collection includes over 19,000 artefacts.

© DigiDaan

Notre-Dame de Paris (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris) was constructed between 1163 and 1345, taking nearly 200 years to complete. It is one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture.
Key Features of the Style:
- Pointed Arches: Used in windows, doors, and vaults for structural and aesthetic reasons.
- Ribbed Vaults: Allowed for higher ceilings and more complex roof designs.
- Flying Buttresses: First used extensively at Notre-Dame, these external supports countered the lateral thrust of the tall walls, enabling larger windows.
- Rose Windows: Notable circular stained-glass windows, especially the North and South Rose Windows.
- Sculptural Decoration: Richly adorned with gargoyles, statues of saints, and scenes from biblical stories.
Notre-Dame embodies the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture, blending intricate design with engineering innovation.
Notre-Dame de Paris is treasured not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the historic artifacts and symbolic significance it houses. Here are some of the most valuable aspects:
1. Religious Relics
Notre-Dame is home to some of the most sacred Christian relics:
- Crown of Thorns: Believed to have been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion. It is the most famous relic housed at Notre-Dame.
- Fragment of the True Cross: Allegedly a piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified.
- One of the Holy Nails: Said to have been used in Christ's crucifixion.
These relics are preserved in a specially designed reliquary and are venerated by pilgrims worldwide.
2. Stained Glass Windows
- The Rose Windows (North, South, and West) are masterpieces of Gothic art, dating back to the 13th century. They depict biblical scenes and saints in vivid colors and intricate patterns.
- These windows are not only beautiful but also an invaluable record of medieval craftsmanship and artistry.
3. Sculptures and Statues
- The Gallery of Kings: A series of statues depicting 28 biblical kings of Judah, positioned above the entrance portals.
- Gargoyles and Chimeras: Functional as rainwater spouts and symbolic protectors of the cathedral.
4. The Great Organ
- One of the largest and most famous pipe organs in the world, with five keyboards and nearly 8,000 pipes, some dating back to the 18th century. It is a cornerstone of Notre-Dame’s musical heritage.
5. The Bells
- The cathedral’s bells, especially the great bourdon bell "Emmanuel", have been iconic symbols of French history, ringing during major national and religious events.
Overall Dimensions:
- Length: 128 meters
- Width: 48 meters
- Height of Towers: 69 meters
- Height of the Spire: 96 meters