Notre-Dame de Paris (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris) was constructed between 1163 and 1345, taking nearly 200 years to complete. It is one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture.
Key Features of the Style:
- Pointed Arches: Used in windows, doors, and vaults for structural and aesthetic reasons.
- Ribbed Vaults: Allowed for higher ceilings and more complex roof designs.
- Flying Buttresses: First used extensively at Notre-Dame, these external supports countered the lateral thrust of the tall walls, enabling larger windows.
- Rose Windows: Notable circular stained-glass windows, especially the North and South Rose Windows.
- Sculptural Decoration: Richly adorned with gargoyles, statues of saints, and scenes from biblical stories.
Notre-Dame embodies the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture, blending intricate design with engineering innovation.
Notre-Dame de Paris is treasured not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the historic artifacts and symbolic significance it houses. Here are some of the most valuable aspects:
1. Religious Relics
Notre-Dame is home to some of the most sacred Christian relics:
- Crown of Thorns: Believed to have been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion. It is the most famous relic housed at Notre-Dame.
- Fragment of the True Cross: Allegedly a piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified.
- One of the Holy Nails: Said to have been used in Christ's crucifixion.
These relics are preserved in a specially designed reliquary and are venerated by pilgrims worldwide.
2. Stained Glass Windows
- The Rose Windows (North, South, and West) are masterpieces of Gothic art, dating back to the 13th century. They depict biblical scenes and saints in vivid colors and intricate patterns.
- These windows are not only beautiful but also an invaluable record of medieval craftsmanship and artistry.
3. Sculptures and Statues
- The Gallery of Kings: A series of statues depicting 28 biblical kings of Judah, positioned above the entrance portals.
- Gargoyles and Chimeras: Functional as rainwater spouts and symbolic protectors of the cathedral.
4. The Great Organ
- One of the largest and most famous pipe organs in the world, with five keyboards and nearly 8,000 pipes, some dating back to the 18th century. It is a cornerstone of Notre-Dame’s musical heritage.
5. The Bells
- The cathedral’s bells, especially the great bourdon bell "Emmanuel", have been iconic symbols of French history, ringing during major national and religious events.
Overall Dimensions:
- Length: 128 meters
- Width: 48 meters
- Height of Towers: 69 meters
- Height of the Spire: 96 meters

Omaka Aviation Heritage Center was opened in 2006.
A collection of planes from World War I and II, e.g.
- Curtiss Models F Flying Boat
- Airco DH.4
- Thomas-Morse S-4 "Tommy Scout"
- Messerschmitt Bf 108
- Lockheed Hudson
- de Havilland DH.98 "Mosquito"
- Curtiss P-40N Kittyhawk "Gloria Lyons"
- Supermarine Spitfire Mark XIV (Griffon-powered variants)
- Focke-Wulf Fw 190
as well as military uniforms, logbooks, photos, letters.

Opera della Primaziale Pisana (O₽A) is a secular-ecclesiastical body managing the complex of the Cathedral of Pisa. Its origins date back to 1063.
O₽A includes the Cathedral, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Baptistery and the Camposanto (monumental cemetery). As well as the Sinopie Museum (Sinòpia - a preparatory drawing applied to the first layer of plaster under the fresco), opened in 1979, and the Opera del Duomo Museum, opened in 1986, exhibiting the treasures of the cathedral and other finds excavated within the cathedral complex.

Osaka Castle was built at the end of the 16th century, made of wood, on two embankments of earth and hewn stones, surrounded by a moat. It was destroyed and rebuilt many times, currently it is a concrete reconstruction of the 17th-century Osaka Castle. There are 13 buildings in the castle, the main of which is a five-story tower.
The castle covers an area of over 6 hectares and is surrounded by 106 hectares of an open park.
Currently, a historical museum called Osaka Castle Museum operates inside the castle.

The Otago Museum opened to the public in 1868.
The museum presents, among others: Maori artifacts, moa eggs, a collection of spiders and arachnids, Japanese armor, sharp weapons from India, ancient coins, Islamic ceramics, There are over 1.5 million objects from all over the world.
The museum has an interactive science center divided into two parts, one deals with physics and technology and the other covers the Tropical Forest with live flora and fauna, including hundreds of butterflies.

The Palácio Nacional de Mafra (National Palace of Mafra) consists of a palace, basilica, convent (which includes a library), Cerco Garden and hunting park (Tapada). Built in the years 1717-1755 in the baroque and neoclassical styles. The entire complex covers 37,790 square meters with approximately 1,200 rooms.
As a museum, it officially opened to the public in 1911. Currently, the National Museum of Music is being moved to the palace complex.

Palacio Real de Madrid (Royal Palace of Madrid) built between 1735-1764 in the classical baroque style. It is the official residence of the Spanish royal family and the largest royal palace in Western Europe. It has 3,418 rooms and covers an area of 135,000 square meters.
The palace is decorated with frescoes by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Anton Raphael Mengs. The interiors exhibit oil paintings by artists such as Caravaggio, Francisco de Goya, Velázquez and a set of five string instruments made by Antonio Stradivari (Stradivarius Palatinos). The palace houses, among others, the Royal Armory and the Crown Room.
The origins of the museum date back to 1935.

Palazzo Ducale founded in 1340. From 1923 changed to a museum. Includes, among others, Museo dell'Opera, Doge's apartments, Institutional chambers.

Palazzo Reale di Milano (the Royal Palace of Milan) with medieval origins, renovated many times. In the years 1773-1778 restored in the Neo-Classical style, then the most famous interior of the Hall of the Caryatids (46 by 17 meters) was arranged, destroyed in 1943 during World War II.
In 1980, repair projects for the interior of the palace began in order to create a "Palace Museum", which, however, did not come into being. Currently, the Municipality of Milan organizes loud international exhibitions of modern and contemporary art in the palace. The Museum of the Duomo of Milan has been operating in the wing of the palace since 2013.
The palace covers an area of 7,000 square meters.

Palmyra, the ancient city, began to develop and become important in the Bronze Age, around the second millennium BC. Palmyra was an important trading center on the caravan route that connected Persia with the Mediterranean coast. The city reached the peak of its development during the Roman period, especially in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
Main monuments of Palmyra (ruins, severely damaged in 2015-2017):
1. Temple of Bel
2. Arc de Triomphe
3. Colonnade (over a kilometer long colonnade was the main artery of the city, it consisted of a series of Corinthian columns that led from the Temple of Bel in the east to the Funeral Temple No. 86 in the western part of the city)
4. Roman Theater
5. Agora (the city's central commercial and administrative square)
6. Temple of Baalshamin
7. Tower Tombs (Valley of Tombs)
8. Diocletian's Camp
9. Tetrapylon (consisted of four groups of four columns)
10. Temple of Al-Lat
The archaeological site of Palmyra covers over 1,640 hectares.
Antiquities from Palmyra are presented in many museums around the world, including:
1. National Museum in Damascus
2. Palmyra Museum (closed since 2015)
3. Louvre
4. British Museum
5. Vatican Museums
6. Pergamonmuseum
7. Metropolitan Museum of Art
8. Museum of Islamic Art (MIA), Qatar Museums

Parco archeologico del Colosseo founded in 2017.
It covers the most important monuments and historical places of ancient Rome, among others: The Colosseum, The Palatine, Roman Forum, Arch of Constantine and Meta Sudans, The Domus Aurea.

Parco Archeologico di Pompei has been operating under its current name since 2017.
Parco Archeologico di Pompei covers an area of ​​67 hectares of the ancient city covered with a layer of volcanic ash and pumice stone by the volcano Vesuvius during the eruption in 79 AD. At the Parco Archeologico di Pompei you can visit, among others: the Amphitheater, the Temple of Apollo, the House of Faun.

Foro © Silvia Vacca

Peggy Guggenheim purchased the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni in 1949. It then served as her home and gradually transformed into a venue for her art collection. Peggy began opening her palazzo and her collection to the public from 1951, offering viewings during the spring, summer, and early autumn months.
The Peggy Guggenheim Collection formally came to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1976, when Peggy donated the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni and her collection to the Foundation. After Peggy’s death in 1979, the Foundation assumed full care and administration, and in 1980 the museum reopened under its management, with year-round public access.
Here’s a glimpse inside the Peggy Guggenheim Collection:
1. Peggy Guggenheim’s Original Collection
This is the heart of the museum, showcasing the works Peggy herself gathered between 1938 and 1946 across Europe and the U.S. Key movements represented include Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, and Futurism—with iconic pieces from artists such as Picasso, Braque, Duchamp, Ernst, Magritte, Miró, Dalí, Brâncuși, Kandinsky, Klee, Mondrian, Giacometti, Calder, and Pollock. Peggy Guggenheim’s personal collection comprises approximately 326 paintings and sculptures.
2. Gianni Mattioli Collection (on long-term loan)
This collection includes 26 Italian Futurist masterpieces, featuring works by Boccioni, Carrà, Russolo, Severini, Balla, Depero, Rosai, Sironi, and Soffici, along with examples of metaphysical painting by Carrà and Sironi, and early works by Morandi and Modigliani.
3. Hannelore B. and Rudolph B. Schulhof Collection
Integrated in 2012, this collection brings over 80 post-1945 works into the museum’s holdings, featuring prominent European and American artists such as Rothko, Twombly, Kelly, Dubuffet, Warhol, Johns, Diebenkorn, Martin, and more.
4. Nasher Sculpture Garden
An enchanting outdoor space adjacent to the Palazzo, this garden displays sculptures by Marini, Arp, Giacometti, Moore, Duchamp-Villon, Mirko, Takis, Gilardi, as well as contributions from the Nasher Collection.
Total works (all collections combined): approximately 432 pieces.
The Peggy Guggenheim Collection spans approximately 4,000 square meters.

Pena Palace built in 1842–1854 for King Ferynand II by the engineer Wilhelm von Eschwege. The eclectic palace is one of the main objects of the 19th century Romanticism in the world. The palace is surrounded by a 200-hectare forest park.

Pergamonmuseum opened to the public in 1930.
It is part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin belonging to Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz.
The exhibition is divided into Antiquities Collection, Museum of the Ancient Near East, Museum of Islamic Art. The Pergamonmuseum collects monuments of ancient architecture, e.g. the Pergamon Altar, the Ishtar Gate.

Pergamonmuseum
Am Kupfergraben, Museumsinsel Berlin, Berlin-Mitte
© Staatliche Museen zu Berlin / Maximilian Meisse

Peterhof Palace built by Tsar Peter the Great in 1714–1723. The palace and park complex with numerous fountains, among others the Grand Cascade. Area: 3 934 hectares.

The Petersen Automotive Museum was founded in 1994. The museum was created thanks to a donation from Robert E. Petersen, a publisher of automotive magazines, who had a passion for cars and wanted to create a space to present the rich history of the automotive industry.
The Petersen Automotive Museum has one of the largest and most diverse vehicle collections in the world. It includes over 300 vehicles (about half of them on exhibition) that represent a wide cross-section of automotive history, technological innovation, design and car culture. Here are some of the main types of collections you can see there:
1. Vintage and classic cars. The collection includes many classic vehicles from the early 20th century, including cars from 1900 to 1940, which reflect the beginning of the development of the automotive industry.
2. Racing cars. There are iconic racing vehicles there, including Formula 1 cars, cars from Le Mans, NASCAR and rallies. Many of them have been used in actual races, which adds to their authenticity.
3. Luxury and exotic cars. The museum displays a wide range of luxury and exotic cars such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, Bugatti and Rolls-Royce. These vehicles are distinguished by their extraordinary design, power and technology.
4. Prototypes and futuristic concept cars. The collection also includes rare prototypes and concept vehicles that never went into mass production, but had a huge impact on the development of automotive design and technology.
5. Movie and culture cars. The museum has vehicles known from films and television, including such icons as the Batmobile from the "Batman" series, the DeLorean from "Back to the Future" and cars from the "Fast and Furious" series.
6. Unique and special cars. The collections include vehicles that have special cultural or historical significance, e.g. cars that belonged to famous people (Jay Leno, Steve McQueen) or that played a key role in the history of the automotive industry.
7. Motorcycles. The collection includes motorcycles that played an important role in the history of transport, both historical and modern.
8. Electric and innovative cars. The museum showcases modern and futuristic technologies, including electric and hybrid vehicles, that reflect the development of sustainable mobility.
9. The Vault. The museum has a special section called "The Vault", where you can see even more rare, unique and historic cars from different eras and places around the world, available as part of special tours.
The Petersen Automotive Museum covers an area of approximately 9,290 square meters. The exhibition area of the museum is approximately 5,600 square meters.

Petit Palais founded in 1900.
Petit Palais - City of Paris Fine Art Museum presents collections of: medieval and Renaissance paintings and drawings, furniture from the 18th century, works of French artists of the 19th century (among others: Ingres, Delacroix, Courbet, Monet, Cézanne, Modigliani, Rodin).

Petit Palais vu du Grand Palais © Didier Messina, 2013

Petra - a historic and archaeological city with numerous structures carved into the rocks.
The following periods are distinguished in the development of Petra's architecture:
- Nabatean (3rd-2nd century BC),
- Hellenistic (1st century BC - 1st century AD),
- Roman (2nd-3rd century AD),
- Byzantine (4th-6th century AD).
The most famous examples of Petra's architecture are:
- Al-Khazneh (Treasury),
- en-Nejr theater,
- the Urn Tombs,
- Qasr al-Bint temple,
- Ad Deir (Monastery).
Within the ancient city are the Petra Archaeological Park (PAP), which covers an area of 264,000 square meters, and the Petra Museum with its 280 artifacts.

The Pfahlbauten Unteruhldingen (Pile Dwellings Unteruhldingen) are Germany's oldest open-air archaeological museum. A journey through 10,000 years of history awaits you. After visiting the newly opened museum hall with its original finds, you'll enter the multimedia show ARCHAEORAMA, where you'll take a virtual dive into the pile dwellings in Lake Constance. You'll then be taken to the villages from the Stone and Bronze Ages, always with a magnificent lake panorama. Here, past periods of human history and different ways of life spanning three millennia come to life. The tour continues with the Stone Age Trail and Pile Dwelling Cinema, where experimental archaeologists introduce the house-building techniques of that time. At the end of the tour, you'll discover the first two pile dwellings from 1922, featuring a special exhibition on the museum's beginnings—or you can deepen your knowledge of the pile dwellers on the upper floor of the museum hall.

© Archiv PM/Achim Mende

The Philadelphia Art Museum (PhAM) was founded in 1876.
It has significant collections of European, American and Asian art. The PhAM includes, among others: the world's largest collection of works by Marcel Duchamp, an important collection of sculptures by Auguste Rodin, important paintings by Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh, the richest collection of paintings in the USA by Thomas Eakins, a collection of Paul Strand's photographs, Shakers' crafts, numerous "period rooms" and architectural ensembles from around the world, e.g. from China, India, Japan, United Kingdom and France, a collection of weapons and combat gear second largest in the USA.
The entire collection of the PhAM includes over 240,000 exhibits.

Prague Castle - a castle complex built from the 9th century in all historical architectural styles. One of the largest castles in the world, it covers an area of almost 7 ha. It was the seat of Czech kings, Roman emperors and Czechoslovak presidents. It stores the Czech Crown Jewels.
Main objects:
- Old Royal Palace
- St. Vitus Cathedral
- St. George's Basilica
- Queen Anne's Summer Palace (Belvedere)
- Spanish Hall
- Vladislav Hall
There are several museums in the castle, including:
- collection of Czech baroque and mannerism of the National Gallery
- Prague Castle picture gallery, referring to the collection of Rudolf II
- exhibition on the history of the Czech Republic
- toy museum

Photo: © Prague City Tourism

PT Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan, dan Ratu Boko (commonly abbreviated TWC) founded in 1980 is a state-owned company that deals with the management of tourist facilities.
PT TWC manages primarily:
- Borobudur - the largest Buddhist temple complex in the world, built between 750 and 850 CE
There are three museums in the Borobudur Temple Visitor Park area: Museum Borobudur, Museum Karmawibhangga, and Museum Samudraraksa.
- Prambanan - a Hindu temple complex originally built in 850 CE
- Ratu Boko - palace complex from the 8th and 9th centuries
- Taman Mini "Indonesia Indah" (TMII) covers an area of approximately 100 ha and consists of:
Indonesia Museum
Purna Bhakti Pertiwi Museum
Soldier Museum
Indonesian Stamps Museum
Pusaka Museum
Transportation Museum
Museum Electricity & New Energy Museum
Telecommunication Museum
Penerangan Museum
Sports Museum
Asmat Museum
Komodo Indonesian Fauna Museum and Reptile Park
Insects Museum
Research & Technology Information Center
Oil & Gas Museum
East Timor Museum
Museum Bayt Al-qur'an Dan Museum Istiqlal
Museum Hakka Indonesia

Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts was opened in 1912.
Currently, it has around 700,000 European art exhibits.

The Qatar Museums includes:
- Museum of Islamic Art (MIA), opened in 2008, covers an area of 45,000 square meters, about 10% of the collection can be seen in permanent exhibitions,
- Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, opened in 2010, covers an area of 5,500 square meters, has a collection of over 9,000 works of art,
- National Museum of Qatar, opened in 2019, covers an area of 40,000 square meters, the collection consists of approximately 8,000 objects,
- QM Gallery Katara,
- QM Gallery Alriwaq,
- Garage Gallery, Fire Station.
Soon to open: Qatar Children's Museum, Orientalist Museum, 3-2-1 Qatar Olympic and Sports Museum, M7.

Queensland Art Gallery & Gallery of Modern Art (QAGOMA) have been working together since 2006. In total, they cover an area of ​​nearly 30,000 square meters. They present contemporary art of Australia, Asia and the Pacific. Their collections include works by others: Pablo Picasso, Willem de Kooning, Nam June Paik, Cindy Sherman, and James Turrell. QAGOMA includes the Children's Art Center.

Rapa Nui - the indigenous name of Easter Island, where the people of Polynesian origin from the 10th to the 16th centuries erected huge stone figures (moai), altars (ahu) and also left behind rock art.
In 1966, Parque nacional Rapa Nui was established, which today covers 7,150.88 ha, which is 43.5% of the island's area.
The Museo Antropológico Padre Sebastián Englert (MAPSE), also known as Mapse Museo Rapanui, was founded on the island in 1973.

Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales

The Royal Alcázar of Seville (Real Alcázar de Sevilla) began to be built in the 10th century under the rule of the Moors. In 913, Abd ar-Rahman III of the Umayyad dynasty built a fortress. In the 12th century, the Almohads built, among others, Al-Muwarak Palace and gardens, which became the basis for later expansions. After the reconquest of Seville in 1248 by Ferdinand III of Castile, the alcázar became the seat of the Castilian kings. In the 14th century, King Peter I the Cruel commissioned the expansion of the palace in the Mudéjar style, which combines Christian and Moorish elements. During this period, among others, Palace of Peter I and Patio de las Doncellas (Courtyard of the Virgin). From the 16th to 18th centuries, new Renaissance and Baroque elements were added, such as the Galeria de Grutescos and the Palace of Charles V. The Royal Alcázar of Seville currently still serves as the royal residence during the visits of Spanish monarchs to Seville.
The Royal Alcázar of Seville has in its collections, among others, ceramics (Andalusian azulejos), a collection of Flemish tapestries from the 16th and 17th centuries, paintings (portraits of monarchs and historical scenes), and artifacts from excavations in the alcázar.
The total area of the Royal Alcázar of Seville is approximately 9 hectares, of which the gardens occupy approximately 6 hectares.
The gardens of the Royal Alcázar of Seville are designed in various styles, from Moorish to Renaissance and English.

The Red Dot Design Museum Singapore was founded in 2005.
The Boutique Museum presents innovative product designs that have won the international Red Dot Design Award.

Red Fort (Lal Qila) was the main residence of the Mughal emperors built between 1638 and 1648 in the style of Indo-Islamic architecture.
Main objects:
- Lahori Gate
- Delhi Gate
- Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience)
- Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque)
- Naubat Khana ("Waiting Hall")
The Red Fort has:
- Drishyakala Museum (art)
- Red Fort Archaeological Museum
- Indian War Memorial Museum
The Red Fort has an area of over 103 hectares.

Reggia di Caserta - a royal palace, the construction of which began in 1752 for the Bourbon monarchy in the Later Baroque style and then continued in the Early Neoclassical style.
It is the largest palace built in Europe in the 18th century. By volume - 1 million cubic meters - it is by far the largest royal residence in the world. The dimensions of the palace are 247 × 184 × 42 meters. Occupied area of 235,000 square meters.
The palace is surrounded by 123 hectares of the Royal Park with numerous cascades and fountains. The Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex are located close to Reggia di Caserta. There is a Living Silk Museum in San Leucio with some original old looms and restored machinery showing all stages of silk production.

Reina Sofía was opened in 1990.
It presents contemporary Spanish art in an international context from the end of the 19th century to the present day. Pablo Picasso's painting Guernica from 1937 is exhibited in Reina Sofía. Other artists whose artistic achievements are in the collection of Reina Sofía are, for example: Salvador Dali, Joan Miró, Juan Gris, Georges Braque, Francis Bacon, Alexander Calder, René Magritte, Robert Delaunay, Man Ray and Yves Klein.
The collection comprises over 20,000 works, five percent of which are on display.
The museum also houses an art library with over 100,000 books.

The Rijksmuseum was founded in 1800 under the name Nationale Kunst-Gallerij.
The core of the collection is a collection of paintings that includes over 5,000 paintings representing Dutch (e.g. Rembrandt van Rijn paintings) and world paintings of the 15th-19th century. The collection is complemented by sculpture, graphics, applied art and handicrafts. The Rijksmuseum has an interesting collection of Asian art.

© Rijksmuseum (2014), photo John Lewis Marshall

The Riverside Museum was opened in 2011.
It has 3000 objects in its collection, including the South African Railways Class 15F 4-8-2 No. 3007 steam locomotive. A Tall Ship is moored next to the museum.

Royal Academy of Arts founded in 1768.
RA presents works of art from ancient sculptures to paintings by members such as Joshua Reynolds and John Constable to the work of contemporary artists. Every year in the summer a contemporary art exhibition is organized, which has an open formula for submitting applications.


Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London (c) Fraser Marr

The Royal British Columbia Museum (Royal BC Museum, RBCM) was founded in 1886. The museum merged with the British Columbia Provincial Archives in 2003.
RBCM collects First Nations artifacts, exhibits on BC history over the past 200 years, and natural history objects.
All RBCM collections count over 7 million objects.

The Royal Museum for Central Africa (AfricaMuseum) was established in 1898. The museum was officially opened to the public on April 30, 1910.
The Royal Museum for Central Africa houses one of the world's most extensive collections related to Central Africa, particularly focusing on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Belgian Congo).
Main Collections of the Royal Museum for Central Africa
1. Ethnographic & Cultural Artifacts
- Traditional masks, sculptures, and musical instruments from Central African ethnic groups such as the Luba, Kuba, and Songye.
- Everyday objects, textiles, and weapons from various African cultures.
- Royal regalia and court artifacts from African kingdoms like the Kuba Kingdom.
- Ritual objects, including fetishes and power figures (nkisi nkondi) used in spiritual practices.
2. Natural History & Zoological Collections
- Extensive botanical and zoological specimens, including stuffed animals, skeletons, and insect collections.
- Fossils and minerals from Central Africa, showcasing geological diversity.
- Specimens from major African ecosystems, including the Congo rainforest and savanna.
3. Historical Archives & Colonial Artifacts
- Documents, photographs, and films from the colonial period (1885–1960).
- Artifacts related to the Force Publique, the Belgian colonial army.
- Maps, reports, and missionary records detailing early European exploration in Africa.
- Personal belongings of historical figures such as Henry Morton Stanley and King Leopold II.
4. Artistic Collections
- Contemporary African art, including paintings and sculptures from modern Congolese artists.
- Colonial-era paintings and propaganda materials depicting Belgium’s role in Central Africa.
- Photography collections showcasing African daily life and traditions.
5. Linguistics & Musicology
- One of the largest collections of Central African languages and dialect recordings.
- Traditional African musical instruments, such as drums, xylophones, and thumb pianos (mbira).
- Field recordings and ethnographic studies of African oral traditions and storytelling.
The Royal Museum for Central Africa holds a massive collection of approximately 10 million objects, only about 8,000 to 10,000 objects are on display at any given time in exhibitions.
The Royal Museum for Central Africa, has a total area of approximately 25,600 square meters. Around 11,000 square meters is dedicated to public exhibitions.

Copyright: MRAC

Royal Museums Greenwich is an organization associating four museums located in Greenwich in London: National Maritime Museum, Queen's House, Royal Observatory Greenwich, Cutty Sark.
Established in 2012.
It has over 4,000,000 objects in its collection.

Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium founded in 1803.
It consists of the Oldmasters Museum, Modern Museum, Magritte Museum, Fin-de-Siècle Museum, Meunier Museum, Wiertz Museum. It has 20,000 paintings, sculptures and drawings that date from the beginning of the 15th century to the present day. The collected works of art are by, among others: Pieter Bruegel, Peter Paul Rubens, Jacques Jordaens, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Salvador Dalí, Paul Delvaux, René Magritte, Henry Moore.

The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) was opened to the public in 1914.
The ROM has over 13,000,000 exhibits in its collection. The leading the ROM collections include: minerals (including precious stones) and meteorites, dinosaurs, Indian history, works of art from China and Korea, ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, interiors from various historical periods, including in the art deco style.

The Russian Museum was founded in 1895.
He presents Russian art from the 10th to the 21st century. The museum's collection contains over 400,000 exhibits - it is the world's largest collection of Russian art. In the museum you can see, for example, the first version of the painting "The Black Square" by Kazimir Malevich.
The Russian Museum also houses the collections of the Ludwig Museum. The Russian Museum has a branch in Málaga, Spain.
The museum complex of the Russian Museum includes the Mikhailovsky Palace and Benois Wing, the Mikhailovsky Castle, the Stroganov Palace, St Michael's (Engineers) Castle, the Marble Palace, Peter I’s Summer Palace, Cabin of Peter the Great and Mikhailovsky Gardens, Engineering Gardens, Summer Garden. The area of the entire complex is over 30 hectares.

Saatchi Gallery was founded in 1985.
It covers an area of ​​6,500 square meters.
Saatchi Gallery presents the art of young, unknown artists from around the world.

Sacré-Cœur (Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre) Roman Catholic church and minor basilica.
Sacré-Cœur was built between 1875 and 1914 from travertine limestone.
The style of the building refers to Roman-Byzantine architecture with Neo-classical elements.
The mosaic above the choir, titled The Triumph of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, is one of the largest mosaics in the world.
Length 85 metres, width 35 metres, height 83 metres.

Sagrada Família started in 1882, not yet completed Roman Catholic minor basilica. Designed by Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926) in Style Modernisme. Length 90 meters, width 60 meters, planned height 172.5 meters. The Sagrada Familia has a museum inaugurated in 1961.

The Salar Jung Museum (SJM) was inaugurated in 1951.
SJM has artifacts from all over the world (33 countries) since the 2nd century BC until the beginning of the 20th century AD. These include the jade daggers of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, miniature paintings belonging to the Mughal and Rajasthani schools, probably the largest collection of "Bidri ware" in the world, the sculpture "Veiled Rebecca" by Giovanni Maria Benzoni, samurai swords, personal collection of the Salar Jung family, collection of the Koran, collection of clocks.
In 1961, SJM was declared a national museum.
The entire collection includes approximately 1.1 million artifacts.

Salzburg Burgen & Schlösser Betriebsführung (SBSB) - the Salzburger Burgen & Schlösser Management is a company-like institution of the Office of the Salzburg Provincial Government. SBSB started its operations in 1993. It consists of:
- Fortress Hohensalzburg, one of the largest existing castles in Europe from the 11th century, consisting of fifty buildings with a total area of 33,000 square meters; it houses: Prince's Chambers & Magic Theater, Armory, Panorama Tour, Castle Museum (a branch of Salzburg Museum), Rainer Regimental Museum, Puppet Museum.
- Hohenwerfen Castle; it houses the following exhibitions: The Legend of Jackl - Wizards and Witches in Salzburg, Exhibition of the film "Where Eagles Dare".
- Mauterndorf Castle; it houses the Lungau Country Museum
- Salzburg "Residence" Palace

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) founded in 1935.
It collects works of modern and contemporary art. The entire collection consists of over 33,000 paintings, sculptures, photographs, design, and media art. The collection includes works of: Klee, Duchamp, Magritte, Mondrian, Kahlo, Rivera, Pollock, Warhol, Rauschenberg, de Kooning, Bacon, Rothko, Calder, Stella.

SFMOMA; photo: © Henrik Kam, courtesy SFMOMA

Schönbrunn Palace was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers. The palace was built in the 17th century, rebuilt in 1740–50 during the reign of Empress Maria Teresa in the Rococo style. The museum in the palace was opened to the public in 1919. There are 1441 chambers in the palace, of which 45 are open to the public. It covers an area of ​​about 186 hectares.

Schönbrunn Palace © Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.m.b.H., Severin Wurnig

Science Museum founded in 1857.
It has a collection of over 300,000 exhibits.
The collections cover various fields of science and technology, presenting the history of the development of these fields. There are, among others sets of exhibits related to the activities of British inventors, e.g. James Watt (pioneering steam engines), George Stephenson (Rocket steam engine), John Logie Baird (prototype television sets).

Serpentine founded in 1970 present the art of the 20th and 21st century world. In the summer, the Serpentine Pavilion program is run with outstanding architects.


Serpentine Pavilion 2022 designed by Theaster Gates © Theaster Gates Studio. Photo: Iwan Baan. Courtesy: Serpentine.

The Serralves Museum was opened in 1999.
It is a museum of contemporary art where you can see works by artists such as Franz West, Claes Oldenburg or Richard Hamilton at temporary exhibitions (no permanent exhibitions).
The museum building covers an area of 13,000 square meters, including 4,500 square meters for exhibition space.

The Sexmuseum Amsterdam, also known as the Venustempel, was established in 1985. It opened to the public in the same year.
The Sexmuseum Amsterdam houses an extensive collection dedicated to the history of human sexuality. Its exhibits include:
1. Erotic Art & Sculptures
- Ancient and modern erotic sculptures
- Classical paintings and drawings depicting sensual themes
2. Historical Artifacts
- 19th and 20th-century erotic photography
- Vintage postcards and illustrations of burlesque and cabaret culture
- Items related to famous historical figures associated with sexuality
3. Film & Multimedia
- Early erotic films from the 19th and 20th centuries
- Audio recordings and interactive displays showcasing attitudes toward sex in different eras
4. Fetish & Kinky Artifacts
- Vintage lingerie and fetish objects
- BDSM-related historical items
5. Celebrity Exhibits
- Sections dedicated to iconic figures like Marilyn Monroe and Mata Hari, with memorabilia and historical context
6. Cultural & Religious Depictions of Sexuality
- Art and objects from cultures worldwide, depicting sexuality in religious and cultural contexts
The museum provides an educational and historical perspective on human sexuality while maintaining a playful and entertaining atmosphere.

Shaanxi History Museum was opened to visitors in 1991.
The museum collection has 370,000 artifacts.
The exhibition area covers 11,000 square meters.
The most valuable in the museum's collection are bronze products, ceramics and wall paintings from the Tang dynasty tombs.

Shanghai Museum was founded in 1952.
The museum's collections contain over 1 million exhibits.
The museum has a representative collection of ancient Chinese art, which consists of: bronze, sculptures, ceramics, jades, paintings, calligraphy, seals, coins and a "transparent" bronze mirror from the Han Dynasty.

The Shanghai Natural History Museum was opened in 1956.
It is currently a branch of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
The museum has in its collection exhibits from the field of botany, zoology, palaeobiology, geology and anthropology. There are over 280,000 objects from all over the world. More than 11,000 of them are on display. The largest exhibit, measuring more than 20 meters in length, that can be seen in the museum is the skeleton of the Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Young et Zhao dinosaur from Sichuan Province. The age of the dinosaur is estimated at 140 million years.
The building area is 45,257 square meters, of which 32,200 square meters are dedicated to exhibitions, education and services.

Shanghai Science and Technology Museum was opened in 2001.
The exhibition area covers 65,500 square meters.
Permanent exhibitions present, among others:
- Spectrum of Life: natural exhibits imitating the natural environment of Yunnan province and showing the diversity of flora,
- Earth exploration,
- Cradle of Design or Designers, visitors can use CAD/CAM to design and build small items,
- The information age,
- The world of robots,
- Space navigation.

The Sharjah Museums Authority (SMA) was established in 2006 as an autonomous government authority. SMA includes:
AI Eslah School Museum (opened in 2003)
Al Mahatta Museum (opened in 2000)
Bait Al Naboodah (opened in 1995)
Bait Sheikh Saeed Bin Hamad Al Qasimi (opened in 1999)
Hisn Khor Fakkan (opened in 2019)
Sharjah Aquarium (opened in 2008)
Sharjah Archaeology Museum (opened in 1993)
Sharjah Art Museum (opened in 1997)
Sharjah Calligraphy Museum (opened in 2002)
Sharjah Classic Cars Museum (opened in 2002)
Sharjah Discovery Centre (opened in 1999)
Sharjah Fort (Al Hisn) (opened in 2015)
Sharjah ‎Heritage ‎‎Museum (opened in 2005)
Sharjah Maritime Museum (opened in 2003)
Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization (opened in 1996)
Sharjah Science Museum (opened in 1996)

Shenzhen Museum founded in 1981, opened to the public in 1988.
It consists of the Shenzhen Museum of History and Folk Culture, Shenzhen Museum of Ancient Art, Dongjiang River Guerrilla Command Headquarters Memorial Museum and Shenzhen Reform and Opening-up Exhibition Hall.
It has a total area of over 60,000 square meters. It stores over 40,000 exhibits.

Signal Hill was designated a National Historic Site in 1951.
The site has played an important role in Canada's defense and communications history. At Signal Hill on December 12, 1901, Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless transmission.
Included in St. John's Signal Hill National Historic Site includes Cabot Tower and the Visitor Center.

The Singapore Art Museum (SAM) opened in 1996.
SAM presents contemporary art from a Southeast Asian perspective while covering the broader Asian region such as China, India, Korea and Japan. The museum's collection includes works by artists such as Suzann Victor, Dinh Q. Lê, Nge Lay.
SAM presents contemporary art in 20 locations across Singapore, including Tanjong Pagar Distripark.
SAM has been organizing the Singapore Biennale since 2006.

The Skansen, founded in 1891, is one of the oldest and largest open-air museums in the world. On an area of 30 hectares, there are 150, in the vast majority, original, historic buildings which are a replica of a typical 19th-century city. In their houses, craftsmen dressed in traditional period costumes demonstrate their pre-industrial craftsmanship.
Part of the open-air museum is a zoo where you can see wild animals living in Scandinavia and domestic animals.

Smithsonian American Art Museum and Renwick Gallery founded in 1829.
The museum presents 300 years of American art, from colonial times to the present day.
The collection includes over 41,000 works by more than 7,000 artists, including: James McNeill Whistler, Georgia O’Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Robert Rauschenberg, Nam June Paik, Jenny Holzer, David Hockney.


Courtesy of the Smithsonian American Art Museum; photo by Tim Hursley

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum was established in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting. The museum collects impressionist, post-impressionist, modern and contemporary art. Its collections include works by artists such as Paul Cézanne, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger, Paul Klee.

Since 1973, the Somerset House has the Courtauld Institute of Art, which exhibits an important collection of European art at the Courtauld Gallery. The pride of the collection are paintings painted by Lucas Cranach the Elder, Pieter Paul Rubens, William Turner, Bruegel, Van Dyck as well as impressionists and post-impressionists, e.g. The Bar of the Folies-Bergère Manet. Courtauld Gallery owns more than 500 paintings, 7,000 drawings, sculptures, and artistic craftsmanship.

The Southern Branch of the National Palace Museum (NPMSB) opened in 2015.
NPMSB presents the art of Southeast Asia, East Asia and South Asia at permanent exhibitions. The presented artifacts were transferred from the National Palace Museum, Taipei (Northern Branch).
NPMSB covers an area of 70 hectares, of which 20 hectares is occupied by the main building.

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican, Roman Catholic major basilica. Erected in the years 1506–1626 on the site of an older the Early Christian basilica.
A leading work of Renaissance and Baroque architecture, designed mainly by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini with a very rich interior, e.g. Pietà Michelangelo (1498–99).
Length 220 meters, width 150 meters, height 136.6 meters.

St. Stephen's Cathedral (Domkirche St. Stephan) is the third temple erected on the same site from 1137 to 1511. The Gothic cathedral with older Romanesque elements is built of limestone.
Length 107 meters, width 70 meters, height 136.7 meters.
Inside, numerous altars are stored, including the Baroque main altar and the Gothic Wiener Neustadt Altar, the Gothic tomb of Emperor Frederick III, and the late-Gothic sandstone pulpit.

The collection dates back to 1560. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (Dresden State Art Collections) was named after the Dresden City Council in 1957 and has been operating as a state-owned enterprise since 2009.
1) Museums in Dresden:
- in the Albertinum building there are:
Art from the Romantic period to the present day
Skulpturensammlung ab 1800
- in the Residenzschloss building there are:
Grünes Gewölbe
Kupferstich-Kabinett
Münzkabinett
Rüstkammer
- in the Zwinger mit Semperbau building there are:
Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon
Porzellansammlung
Skulpturensammlung up to 1800
- in the Jägerhof building there are:
Museum für Sächsische Volkskunst
Puppentheatersammlung
- in the Japanisches Palais building there are:
Museum usui publico patens
Archiv der Avantgarden
Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden
- in the Lipsiusbau building there is:
Kunsthalle im Lipsiusbau
- in the Schloss Pillnitz building there is:
Kunstgewerbemuseum
2) Museums in Leipzig:
- in the GRASSI Museum building there is:
GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig
3) Museums in Herrnhut:
- in the Völkerkundemuseum building there is:
Völkerkundemuseum Herrnhut

Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg (SSG; State Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Wuerttemberg) state heritage agency, an institution of public law established in 1987.
Looks after 62 palaces, gardens, castles, monasteries, ancient Roman bath ruins, sepulchral chapels, Celtic city, Domnick Collection, Prince's Little House located (or called) in Heidelberg, Ludwigsburg, Weikersheim, Schwetzingen, Bruchsal, Mannheim, Rastatt, Mergentheim , Solitude (Stuttgart), Meersburg, Tettnang, Ellwangen, Urach, Kirchheim, Salem, Bebenhausen, Karlsruhe, Hohentwiel, Rötteln, Hohenneuffen, Hochburg, Wäscherschloss, Dilsberg, Badenweiler, Yburg, Alt-Eberstein, Hohenstaufen, Maulenbronnor, Wiulenbronnor, Schussenried, Grosscomburg, Hirsau, Schöntal, Alpirsbach, Ochsenhausen, Heiligkreuztal, Stuttgart, Heuneburg, Nürtingen, Hüfingen, Meersburg.

Photo: Ludwigsburg Residential Palace, Exteriors; Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg, Ralf Cohen

The Städel Museum was founded in 1815 as Städelsches Kunstinstitut.
Städel offers a complete overview of 700 years of art - from the early 14th century to the present day. With works by artists such as Lucas Cranach, Albrecht Dürer, Sandro Botticelli, Rembrandt van Rijn, Jan Vermeer, Maria Sibylla Merian, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Max Beckmann, Lotte Laserstein, Francis Bacon, Louise Bourgeois, Gerhard Richter and Wolfgang Tillmans.
Städel has in its collections 3,100 paintings, 660 sculptures, 4,600 photographs, 100,000 drawings and prints.
The exhibition area of the museum is over 15,000 square meters.

Städel Museum mit Vorplatz
Foto: Städel Museum – Norbert Miguletz

The State Hermitage Museum has been open to the public since 1852.
The entire collection is more than 3 million artifacts, including 1 million numismatic items.
The State Hermitage Museum presents monuments of culture and art of ancient Egypt and Greece as well as gold of the Scythians. The Hermitage collection includes two paintings by Leonardo da Vinci and the largest collection of Rembrandt paintings outside the Netherlands. The decoration of the collection is the paintings of Impressionists and post-Impressionists. The Hermitage has in its resources a rich collection of Asian art; Central Asian art collection attracts special attention. An important part of the collection is Russian art covering the period from the 11th to the 19th century.

The origins of the State Museum of History of Uzbekistan date back to 1876.
The core of the museum's collection are archaeological monuments and a collection of gold and silver coins. The artifacts come from Uzbekistan and Central Asia. The museum has, among others, an alabaster bas-relief of Buddha with Monks from Fayaz Tepe, Termez, 2nd century AD.
The museum has collected over 300,000 exhibits.

The State Museum of the History of St Petersburg was founded in 1938.
It consists of:
Peter and Paul Fortress,
Shlisselburg Fortress Oreshek,
Rumyantsev Mansion,
Alexander Blok Museum,
Sergey Kirov Museum,
St Petersburg Avant-garde Museum (Mikhail Matyushin's House),
Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad,
Museum of Printing.
The museum has approximately 1.5 million documents, photographs, architectural drawings and plans of St. Petersburg from the 18th century to the present day.

The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam was opened in 1895.
The collection covers art from the end of the 19th century to the 21st century. Contains works by artists such as Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Johan Jongkind, Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Henry Van de Velde, Henry Moore, Ossip Zadkine, Kurt Schwitters, László Moholy-Nagy, Man Ray, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Willem de Kooning, Nam June Paik, Lucio Fontana, Gilbert & George.
The collection volume is 90,000 items.
Exhibition area of 8,000 square meters.

Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, het historische gebouw en de nieuwbouw. Foto: John Lewis Marshall

Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg (SPSG; Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg) began operating in 1995.
The SPSG deals with the most important testimonies of Brandenburg-Prussia's culture, architecture and art history from the 17th century to the 20th century.
SPSG manages 30 museum castles and other museums, 800 hectares of historic parks, 100,000 works of art, 150 monuments and 300 architectural objects.
1) Palaces and gardens in Berlin:
Jagdschloss Grunewald
Jagdzeugmagazin am Jagdschloss Grunewald
Schlossgarten Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg
Neuer Pavillon im Schlossgarten Charlottenburg
Mausoleum im Schlossgarten Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg – Theaterbau
Schlossgarten Schönhausen
Schloss Schönhausen
Pfaueninsel
Schloss auf der Pfaueninsel
Meierei auf der Pfaueninsel
Park Glienicke
Schloss Glienicke
Casino Glienicke
2) Palaces and gardens in Potsdam:
Park Sanssouci
Schloss Sanssouci
Schlossküche Sanssouci
Damenflügel Schloss Sanssouci
Bildergalerie
Neue Kammern
Historische Mühle
Normannischer Turm auf dem Ruinenberg
Neues Palais
Belvedere auf dem Klausberg
Chinesisches Haus
Orangerieschloss
Schloss Charlottenhof
Römische Bäder im Park Sanssouci
Friedenskirche
Dampfmaschinenhaus (Moschee)
Neuer Garten
Schloss Cecilienhof
Marmorpalais
Belvedere auf dem Pfingstberg
Pomonatempel auf dem Pfingstberg
Park Babelsberg
Schloss Babelsberg
Flatowturm im Park Babelsberg
Park Sacrow
Schloss Sacrow
Jagdschloss Stern
3) Palaces and gardens in the state of Brandenburg:
Schloss & Lustgarten Rheinsberg
Schlossmuseum Oranienburg
Schloss & Schlossgarten Caputh
Schloss & Schlossgarten Königs Wusterhausen
Schloss & Schlossgarten Paretz
Schlossremise Paretz

The Stockholm Palace (Stockholms slott) is the official residence of the Swedish kings. Built in the years 1697 - 1771 in the baroque style, a large part of the interior is in the Rococo style. 230 meters long, 125 meters wide (with side wings). There are 1430 rooms in total. In addition to the Royal Apartments, the palace houses, among others, the Hall of State, the Royal Chapel, the Treasury with the Regalia of Sweden, the Royal Armory (Livrustkammaren) - over 30,000 artifacts, Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities, and the Museum Three Crowns (Museum Tre Kronor) - the Tre Kronor Palace, built in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, on the site of which the present Stockholm Palace stands, burned down in 1697.

Photo: Kungl. Hovstaternas organisation

Stonehenge is a prehistoric structure consisting of a circle of standing stones surrounded by embankments. Built from 3100 BC to 2000 BC. Stonehenge was probably associated with the cult of the Moon and the Sun, and could also have been a cemetery from the very beginning.
The present appearance of the monument is the result of renovation and reconstruction works carried out in the 20th century.
Partner museums:
- Salisbury Museum (history and archeology of southern Wiltshire from prehistory to the present day)
- Wiltshire Museum in Devizes (Stonehenge-era gold exhibitions).

History has a new home
The Sudeten German Museum is the central museum of the German-speaking population in the Bohemian lands. The permanent exhibition spans more than 1,100 years of the history of the region, its art and its culture. That history is related by authentic objects from the museum collections exhibited in a space measuring 1,200 square metres.
Under the overall concept of “homeland”, the Sudeten German Museum focuses on the life of the Germans in Bohemia, Moravia and Sudeten Silesia – what is today’s Czech Republic. The exhibition begins with the section on “Homeland!”, which describes the landscape and its inhabitants in the cultural, religious and economic context before 1945. Under the heading “The End of the Accepted Order”, it examines the political and social developments of the 19th century up to the catastrophe of World War II and the expulsions in the 20th century. “Homeland?” – now with a question mark – depicts the difficult new beginning and the integration of the Sudeten Germans in the West.

For centuries, the homeland of the Sudeten Germans in Bohemia, Moravia and Sudeten Silesia was shaped by the coexistence of three peoples – the Germans, the Czechs and the Jews. The Sudeten German Museum takes a look at this common homeland in all its facets, from which emerges the picture of a model cultural landscape of pan-European significance.

The Sudeten German Museum presents established facts in a lively and easy-to-understand way. Owing to its modern design, which incorporates the use of media, and its architecturally outstanding building, the museum leaves its mark far beyond the Bavarian state capital of Munich.

Suzhou Museum founded in 1960.
The exhibition area covers 2,200 square meters. The collection consists of over 15,000 exhibits. Most are ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy, ceramics, arts and crafts. The collection of paintings and calligraphy includes works of masters from the Song dynasty through the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty.

The Swiss Museum of Transport (Verkehrshaus der Schweiz) was opened in 1959.
The museum presents the development of traffic and mobility by road, rail (including cableways), water and air, as well as space expeditions, telecommunications and tourism. An additional offer is the planetarium, Swiss Chocolate Adventure, Filmtheatre, Media World, and Hans Erni Museum.
There are about 2,000 historic vehicles in the museum's collection. In addition, the museum has over 4,000 other exhibits related to the history of transport and over 15,000 documents related to this topic.

The Swiss National Museum was officially inaugurated on 25 June 1898.
The Swiss National Museum consists of: National Museum Zurich, Forum of Swiss History Schwyz, Château de Prangins, Collection Centre.
The Swiss National Museum houses an extensive and diverse collection that spans Switzerland's cultural history from prehistoric times to the present day. With over 870,000 objects, the museum's holdings are organized into 14 distinct collection groups, each offering unique insights into various aspects of Swiss heritage.
Key Collection Groups:
- Archaeology: Artifacts from the Palaeolithic Age to the early Middle Ages, including significant prehistoric tools and Bronze Age items.
- Silver and Non-Ferrous Metals: Sacral and secular goldwork objects from the 12th to the 21st century.
- Graphic Arts, Photographs, Illuminated Manuscripts & Facsimiles: Drawings, graphic reproductions, illuminations, manuscripts, facsimiles, and historic photographs.
- Ceramics & Glass: Medieval ceramic vessels, dishes made and used in Switzerland, figurines, sculptures, and reliefs.
- Carriages, Sledges & Wagons: Representative examples of various carriages, magnificent sledges from different periods, and typical agricultural wagons.
- Painting & Sculpture: Paintings emphasizing ecclesiastical and historical art, portraiture, and the world's largest collection of stained glass.
- Furniture & Interiors: A comprehensive array of Swiss-designed and produced furniture, representing the largest public furniture collection in Switzerland.
- Numismatics & Seals: Coins, medals, banknotes, securities, credit cards, coin-minting dies, and the most important collection of seals in Switzerland.
- Jewellery & Timepieces: Jewellery from the 18th to 21st centuries and a representative cross-section of clockmaking over the last 500 years.
- Special Collections: Toys, musical instruments (with a focus on military music), customs-related items, baking moulds, tin figures/casting moulds, and the Hallwil Collection.
- Technology & Traditions: Objects from everyday life, crafts and trades, workshop equipment, computers, electrical devices, communication means, and measuring instruments.
- Textiles & Fashion: Fabrics, clothing, accessories, traditional costumes, church paraments, and flags, including the most comprehensive textile collection in Switzerland.
- Weaponry & Uniforms: Switzerland's most significant collection of weaponry from the High Middle Ages to the mid-20th century, along with uniforms, headgear, equipment, and decorations.
- Witnesses to History: Artifacts reflecting social, political, economic, and cultural events shaping Switzerland from 1945 to the present day.
The Swiss National Museum offers a total area exceeding 9,400 square meters.

Taj Mahal (Taj Museum inside Taj Mahal Complex founded in 1906).
Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built in 1632–53 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his prematurely deceased beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It covers an area of ​​17 hectares.

Tate Britain has been under this name since 2000. The origins of Tate Britain date back to 1897. Tate Britain presents British painting and sculpture from 1500 to the present day. The collection includes paintings by William Blake, JMW Turner, and Francis Bacon.

Tate Britain, Millbank façade. Photocredit: Rikard Osterlund

The opening of Tate Modern took place in 2000. Tate Modern collects art collections of the 20th and 21st centuries. Exhibition area 55,000 square meters.

Tate Modern exterior from the Millennium Bridge. Photocredit: Tate Photography

Teatre-Museu Dalí, opened in 1974, is dedicated to its creator Salvador Dalí. In the hometown of the painter Figueres you can see the Teatre-Museu and Jewels. Nearby: Port Lligat - Salvador Dali House and in Pubol - Gala Dali Castle. The museums are run by Fundacio Dali.

Tel Aviv Museum of Art was established in 1932.
It collects contemporary and modern art. Its collections include works by, among others: Gustav Klimt, Wassily Kandinsky, Pablo Picasso, Roy Lichtenstein, Henry Moore, Jackson Pollock.

The "Wieliczka" Salt Mine is one of the oldest rock salt mines in the world. The "Wieliczka" Salt Mine has more than 7 centuries of exploitation of the salt deposit, 2,391 chambers and 245 km of galleries, 9 main levels at a depth of 57 to 327 meters.
In the "Wieliczka" Salt Mine, on the 3rd level, at a depth of 135 meters, there is the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka. The Cracow Saltworks Museum founded in 1951, apart from the underground part, also has a second part on the surface in the medieval Saltworks Castle. The museum presents the history of the mine, tools and devices used to extract and transport salt, and the history of the city of Wieliczka.
The museum's collection consists of about 20,000 exhibits.

The Broad opened to the public in 2015.
The Broad collection includes contemporary art from the 1950s to the present day. The entire collection includes over 2,000 works, including by: Jeff Koons, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, Yayoi Kusama, Ragnar Kjartansson, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Joseph Beuys, Jasper Johns, and Robert Rauschenberg. The Broad has the largest Cindy Sherman collection in the world.
The Broad building has an area of 11,150 square meters, of which 4,645 square meters is an exhibition space.

The Huntington - Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens founded in 1919, open to the public in 1928.
The library has approximately 11 million items from the 11th to 21st centuries.
The museum focuses on 18th and 19th century British painting and design (e.g. Thomas Gainsborough, Thomas Lawrence, William Morris) and American art from the 17th to 20th centuries (e.g. Mary Cassatt, Edward Hopper, Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg).
The gardens cover 49 ha and show plants from all over the world.

Photo: The Huntington Library Exhibition Hall exterior

The Institute for Southern Thai Studies, Thaksin University is located in Moo 1, Baan Ao Sai, KohYor Sub-District, near the second part of Tinsulanonda Bridge. It was established in 1978 to be an art and culture learning centerfor thef southern region. Its total area is 23 rai. The buildings are in a southern architectural style. The institute is divided into 4 buildings, and each building is divided into various rooms to exhibit history, ethnicity, ancient objects from local wisdom, weapons used in the southern region such as daggers, dagger-sharped knives, RawiAyams, local weaving clothes such as "Pha or PumRiang" and "Pha Tor Pattani", various patterns of rare coconut graters, local plays such as "Nang Talung", "Norah", and "Likaypha", local games and toys such as "SudRao", kite, and top, ordain ceremony, and traditional aid. The institute provides accommodations for visitors, seminar rooms, and traditional product shops, including Krajood handicraft, Panan handicraft, Yan Lipao handicraft, KohYor weaving clothes, products from shells and coconut shells, and silverware. The institute received the best cultural tourist attraction from the Thailand Tourism Authority in 2000. From the viewpoint of the institute, you can see the beautiful scenery of Songkhla Lake. The institute was established when Academic Education College opened the new southern campus in Songkhla Province in 1968. The collegians at that time studied Thai as one of their minor subjects and collected data for studying folkloristics. As a result, they got a lot of cultural information, including real objects, Thai Uricaceae books, and oral literature. This valuable data was collected systematically with the target and became the "Local Southern Literature Room" and "Southern Region Language and Cultural Center" on November 14, 1975. In the same year, the center received the annual government statement of expenditure to build the buildings for Thai Studies and the Southern Region Language and Cultural Center for 4,589,200 baht. The buildings were built in the area of Srinakharinwirot University, Songkhla Campus. The construction was completed in 1978. King Bhumibol, Queen Sirikit, and Princess Sirindhorn came to open the buildings on September 13, 1979. Later, the Ministry of University Affairs agreed to promote the center as "the Institute for Southern Thai Studies." 

The Tank Museum was established in 1947.
The Tank Museum has a very large and varied collection centred mainly on armoured fighting vehicles, but also including related artefacts, archives and supporting objects. Here are the main components of what it holds:
Main Collections
1. Tank / Armoured Fighting Vehicle Collection
- Almost 300 vehicles from over 26 countries.
- Vehicles span from the early prototypes of WWI (e.g. Little Willie) through to modern main battle tanks (e.g. Challenger 2).
- Highlights include:
• Tiger 131, the only operational Tiger I in the world.
• Rare WWI machines (Marks I, IV, V etc.).
• Cold War tanks (T-54, T-62, etc.) and vehicles from post-WWII conflicts and development.
2. Archive & Supporting Collection
- The museum maintains a research archive designated as a Place of Deposit for The National Archives.
- Formats include: documents, technical drawings, maps, photographs, moving images, books, journals, etc., largely centred on armoured warfare and the history of the Royal Armoured Corps / Royal Tank Regiment.
- The Supporting Collection (non-vehicle objects) includes uniforms, medals, flags, weapons and ammunition, models, art, radios, technical instruments etc.
3. Exhibition Halls / Themed Displays
- The Museum is organised into halls by era or theme: WWI Hall, Inter-War Hall (“War Horse to Horsepower”), WWII Hall, “The Tank Story Hall”, plus Cold War / modern era halls.
- There is also a Vehicle Conservation Centre where some of the collection (or parts of it) are displayed in states of restoration / maintenance, giving visitors insight into how conservation work is done.
4. Memorial & Commemorative Components

Three Gorges Museum opened in 2005.
The museum covers an area of ​​about 42,500 square meters. The exhibition hall itself has an area of ​​about 23,200 square meters.
The main exhibitions are dedicated to:
- Glorious Three Gorges
- Ancient Ba-Yu - early history of Chongqing
- Chongqing: the City Road – 20th century history
In addition, the museum presents exhibitions: porcelain, calligraphy, painting, sculpture from the Han dynasty, coins.

The origins of the Tianjin Natural History Museum date back to 1914. It has been operating in its present organizational form since 1952.
In the museum, we will see various dinosaurs such as: Tyrannosaurus Rex or Triceratops.
The museum houses over 400,000 geological, palaeontological and biological specimens.
The museum covers an area of 50,000 square meters, of which 35,000 square meters are in the buildings. Exhibition area of 14,000 square meters.

Tikal is a ruin of a Mayan city that functioned from the 4th century BC to the 10th century AD. The greatest development of the city of Tikal is in the years from about 200 to about 900.
The architecture of Tikal includes 6 main temples in the form of pyramids, the highest of which is 65 meters high, monumental royal palaces, smaller mansions, a number of administrative buildings, platforms, altars, lintels, stelae, burials.
Highlights of Tikal: Great Plaza, Central Acropolis, North Acropolis, South Acropolis, Plaza of the Seven Temples, Mundo Perdido, nine Twin-Pyramid Complexes.
The former city is located in Tikal National Park, which covers 575 square kilometers of jungle and thousands of ruined buildings.
Tikal National Park is home to the Stelae Museum and the Sylvannus G. Morley Museum.

The ruins of Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco), a pre-Columbian city, cover an area of approximately 400 hectares.
Tiwanaku is located at an altitude of approximately 3,850 meters above sea level.
The city was founded around 110 AD and collapsed around 1000 AD. The city was first recorded in written history in 1549 by the Spanish conquistador.
The main structures are the Akapana, Kalasasaya, Pumapunku and the Semi-Subterranean Temple terraced step platforms. Other monuments include the Gate of the Sun, Gate of the Moon, Fraile Monolith, Bennett Monolith.
Tiwanaku is home to the Museo Cerámico and Museo Lítico administered by the Centro de Investigaciones Arqueológicas, Antropológicas y Administración de Tiwanaku (CIAAAT) and the Museo Regional de Arqueología de Tiwanaku administered by the Dirección Nacional de Arqueología y Antropología (DINAAR).

The main residence of the Emperor of Japan. A complex of buildings and pavilions for various purposes and gardens covering an area of ​​115 hectares. The current Imperial Palace is located within the former Edo Castle (Tokyo was formerly Edo). In 1888, the construction of the imperial castle was completed, which was destroyed during World War II and rebuilt after it. The renovation and modernization of the entire complex was completed in 1968. Main facilities include: Imperial Palace (Kyūden), Imperial Household Agency, Museum of the Imperial Collections, Archives and Mausolea Department.
Museum of the Imperial Collections was opened in 1993. It has collected around 9,500 works of art in its collection. It is mainly Japanese painting (Nihonga), calligraphy, sculpture, arts and crafts.

Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum was first opened in 1926 as the Tokyo Prefectural Museum of Art. The museum mainly exhibits the work of leading Japanese and foreign artists at temporary exhibitions. Exhibitions cover a very wide spectrum from traditional Japanese exhibitions from the Edo period, calligraphy and wood engraving to Art Nouveau, paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Klimt, Munch and new wave art.

Tokyo National Museum was founded in 1872.
The most important part of the collection is ancient and medieval Japanese art, monuments of the Silk Road and Greek-Buddhist art.
The collection consists of over 110,000 objects.

Photo: Facade of the Gallery of Hōryūji Treasures, Tokyo National Museum

Topkapı Palace Museum opened in 1924.
Topkapı Palace was the residence of the Ottoman sultans. The construction of the palace began in 1459. Main parts of the palace: Imperial Gate, Four Courtyards, Harem, Imperial Treasury. Topkapı Palace covers an area of approximately 650,000 square meters.
The museum's collections include: Topkapı Dagger, Spoonmaker Diamond, religious relics, a collection of Ottoman and European weapons and armor, a collection of Chinese porcelain.

The Topography of Terror opened to the public in 2010.
During the Third Reich (1933-1945), the site currently occupied by The Topography of Terror was the seat of the Gestapo, SS and the Reich Main Security Office. Nazi buildings were destroyed by the Allied bombing in 1945. Later the Berlin Wall passed through this place. A large part of the Wall in The Topography of Terror survived to this day. The first exhibitions in this place took place from 1987.

Entrance to the documentation center